The supplementation of vitamin E on broiler chicken diets is essential to the prevention of lipid oxidation reactions in the meat and improvement of meat quality. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of different doses of dietary vitamin E on breast meat quality of broiler chickens in the finishing period. Five doses of vitamin E were used (30, 90, 150, 210, and 270 mg/kg feed) in broilers' diets from 42 to 54 d of age. A completely randomized design was conducted, followed by a split-plot, where the vitamin E dose was considered as the whole plot, and broilers’ age at slaughter was the subplot. Breast meat quality was assessed at 4 different ages (45, 48, 51, and 54 d old), using 50 birds per age, totaling 200 birds. Meat quality characteristics evaluated were: pH at 24 h post mortem, color (brightness, redness, and yellowness), water holding capacity, cooking loss, shear force, and lipid peroxidation. There was no interaction between age and dose of vitamin E for meat quality characteristics ( P > 0.05). The age at slaughter had a quadratic effect ( P < 0.05) on pH, brightness, redness, and water holding capacity. Although pH values were higher in the breast meat of older birds (51 and 52 d old), breast meat of younger birds (48 d) had a more reddish aspect. Shear force value was higher in breast meat of birds slaughtered at later ages ( P < 0.01), as a linear age-effect was observed. Brightness increased linearly ( P < 0.05) with higher vitamin doses, whereas treatments did not alter yellowness, cooking loss, and lipid peroxidation. In this study, increasing vitamin E doses in the finishing period increased the brightness of broiler breast meat, whereas slaughtering at later ages resulted in greater meat pH and shear force value.

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This study evaluated the effects of high phytase doses and soybean meal ( SBM ) with different CP content on growth performance, ileal nutrient digestibility, digestible energy, plasmatic myo -inositol, phosphate release in vitro, and bone composition of broiler chickens. One thousand two hundred 1-day-old broilers were distributed in a 2 × 2 completely randomized factorial arrangement, with 2 phytase doses (1,000 and 2,500 phytase units [ FYT ]/kg of feed) and 2 SBM with different CP concentrations (45 and 47%), totaling 4 treatments with 12 replicates of 25 birds each. The chickens received feed and water ad libitum. Diets were based on corn and SBM, with different inclusions of soybean hull used to dilute the CP content of SBM according to each treatment. The inclusion of 2,500 FYT increased weight gain from 0 to 21 d ( P < 0.05), whereas growth performance from 22 to 42 d was not affected, and SBM had no effect on growth performance. At day 21, ileal digestibility of dry matter, ash, and P, and digestible energy were greater in diets with 2,500 FYT/kg ( P < 0.05), as well as phosphate in vitro release ( P < 0.01) compared to the lower dose. At day 42, diets with SBM 47% CP and 2,500 FYT/kg promoted greater digestibility of dry matter, ash, CP, Ca, P, and digestible energy ( P < 0.001), and greater phosphate release ( P < 0.05) in comparison to other treatments. myo -inositol level in the plasma at 21 and 42 d was higher with the use of 2,500 FYT compared to 1,000 FYT ( P < 0.05). The higher phytase dose increased tibia ash, toe ash, and Seedor Index ( P < 0.05) at day 21, and the Ca content in tibia was higher with 2,500 FYT and SBM 47% CP at day 42. In conclusion, higher phytase doses for broilers improve weight gain, myo -inositol provision, and bone mineral composition. Nutrient ileal digestibility can be enhanced by higher phytase doses when in combination with SBM of greater nutritional quality.

Starch is the main energy source in broiler diets. However, endogenous amylase secretion in young broilers is suboptimal to completely digest dietary starch, so exogenous α-amylase supplementation may help increase starch digestibility. The objective of this study was to assess the supplementation of increasing doses of an exogenous α-amylase (0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 kilo-novo α-amylase units ( KNU )/kg) on corn and on a complete corn–soybean meal diet for 25-day-old broilers. Jejunal and ileal apparent digestibility coefficients of available starch, resistant starch, total starch, and DM, DM total tract retention, as well as dietary AME levels were evaluated. Interactions ( P < 0.05) between diets and α-amylase showed that the enzyme had a more evident effect on increasing DM jejunal digestibility and AME on corn compared with the complete diet. Corn DM digestibility increased to a maximum of 67.84% with up to 47 KNU/kg, whereas 89 KNU/kg led to a maximum of 53.92% in the complete diet A maximum increase of 64 kcal AME/kg was obtained with 80 KNU/kg on the complete diet, whereas 109 KNU/kg generated 327 kcal AME/kg on corn ( P < 0.05). Increasing the α-amylase dose linearly increased ileal digestibility of resistant starch ( P < 0.05), and the effect on DM total tract retention was quadratic ( P < 0.05). Corn showed a higher digestibility for DM, resistant and total starch, as well as DM total tract retention and AME, compared with the complete diet ( P < 0.05). Treatments had no influence on available starch. The inclusion of exogenous α-amylase improves starch, DM, and energy utilization of corn-based and corn–soybean meal–based diets for broilers.

We aimed to evaluate the effects of the reduction in dietary crude protein (CP) on blood urea, uric acid, performance, immunity, and intestinal histology of broilers. Four

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An experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth performance, bone mineral composition, diet utilization, and plasmatic concentration of myo -inositol ( MYO ) in turkeys fed different phytase doses from 1 to 28 d. A total of three hundred and twenty 1-day-old turkeys were distributed in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 8 replicates of 10 birds each. Treatments included a basal diet without phytase; reduced diet (reduced −0.15% available P and −0.18% Ca) without phytase; reduced diet + 2,000 units of phytase ( FYT )/kg; and reduced diet + 4,000 FYT/kg. From day 26 to 28, partial excreta collection was conducted, and on day 28, 7 birds per replicate were euthanized for collection of ileal content and left tibia bones were removed from 2 of the same euthanized birds. Feed, excreta, and ileal digesta samples were analyzed to determine nutrient digestibility and metabolizability, ileal digestible energy, and AME. Tibia bones were analyzed for ash, Ca, and P content, and calculation of Seedor index. On day 28, blood samples were collected from 2 turkeys per replicate to analyze plasmatic MYO concentration. Feed conversion ratio was not affected, but phytase supplementation resulted in higher feed intake and body weight gain compared to turkeys fed the reduced diet ( P < 0.05), and both doses were similar to the basal diet. Increasing the phytase dose had a linear effect ( P < 0.05) on ileal digestibility of P and metabolizability of DM, CP, Ca, and Na, and also on AME. P content in the tibia bone increased linearly ( P < 0.05) with phytase supplementation, and the same linear increase ( P < 0.05) was observed for plasmatic MYO. In conclusion, the supplementation of turkey poult's diets with high levels of phytase up to 4,000 FYT/kg improves diet utilization by increasing P digestibility and dietary metabolizability, leading to higher P content in the bone and enhancing MYO provision and absorption.

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