BackgroundThe raising prevalence of weight excess and of non-communicable diseases in indigenous populations, as well as changes in food consumption and reduction in the frequency and intensity of physical activity, suggest that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) is also elevated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of MS and the frequency of its components in the Xavante adult population living in the Indian reservations of São Marcos and Sangradouro/Volta Grande, in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 932 Xavante Indians aged 20 years or more, in the 2008–2012 period. The variables analysed were gender, age, weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure, initial and 2-h capillary glycemia in a 75 g OGTT, levels of triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol. The diagnostic criteria for MS proposed by the IDF and AHA/NHLBI were used.ResultsThe prevalence of MS was 66.1 % (95 % CI 63.0–69.2), being 76.2 % (95 % CI 72.4–80.0) in women and 55.6 % (95 % CI 51.0–60.2) in men. Women had higher prevalence of MS in all age groups. Elevated waist circumference and lower levels of HDL-cholesterol were the more frequent components in those with MS, and elevated blood pressure was the less frequent.ConclusionsThe high prevalence of MS in the Xavante Indians is mainly due to the increased prevalence of weight excess that resulted from an intense change in their life-style, in a short period of time in a population with a genetic predisposition. These findings highlight the magnitude of this health problem and make an alert about the necessity to implement specific preventive interventions.
BackgroundThe prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors is little known in Brazilian indigenous populations. In the last two decades, important changes have occurred in the lifestyle and epidemiological profile of the Xavante people.Objectiveto assess the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in Xavante adults in São Marcos and Sangradouro/Volta Grande reserves, in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil.MethodsCross-sectional study carried out with 925 Xavante people aged ≥ 20 years between 2008 and 2012. The following indicators were assessed: triglycerides (TG), total, LDL and HDL-cholesterol, Castelli index I and II, TG/HDL-cholesterol ratio, apo B / Apo A1 ratio, Framingham risk score, C-reactive protein, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hypertriglyceridemic waist (HW), glycemia and blood pressure. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Student's t test and Chi-square test (χ2) were used for statistical analysis, and significance level was set at 5%.ResultsHigh prevalence of elevated cardiovascular risk was observed in men and women according to HDL-cholesterol (66.2% and 86.2%, respectively), TG (53.2% and 51.5%), TG/HDL-cholesterol ratio (60.0% and 49.1%), C-reactive protein (44.1% and 48.1%), BMI (81.3% and 81.7%), WC (59.1% and 96.2%), HW (38.0% and 50,6%) and glycemia (46.8% and 70.2%). Individuals aged 40 to 59 years had the highest cardiovascular risk.ConclusionsThe Xavante have a high cardiovascular risk according to several indicators evaluated. The present analysis of cardiovascular risk factors provides support for the development of preventive measures and early treatment, in attempt to minimize the impact of cardiovascular diseases on this population.
Objetivo: Este estudo avaliou a prevalência de fatores de risco compartilhados e modificáveis para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis entre estudantes de uma universidade pública brasileira.Materiais e Métodos: Participaram do estudo 379 alunos de diferentes áreas de conhecimento e períodos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário autoaplicável, contendo questões sobre o âmbito acadêmico, dados socioeconômicos, estado nutricional e estilo de vida.Resultados: No total, 95,4% dos estudantes apresentaram pelo menos três fatores de risco, sendo os mais comuns o baixo consumo de frutas, hortaliças e leite, o consumo de carnes com excesso de gordura, a ingestão de bebidas alcoólicas, a ausência/carência de exercícios físicos e o gasto excessivo de tempo com eletrônicos. Observaram-se diferenças significativas de comportamento em relação a gênero, área de conhecimento e período.Conclusão: Os resultados evidenciam um perfil preocupante entre os universitários e demonstram a necessidade de implementação de programas educativos no âmbito acadêmico, a fim de reduzir a exposição dos alunos aos fatores de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis.
In recent years has increased consumption of diet and light/zero foods by adolescents due to concern about body image. But adolescents are unaware of the indications and differences of these products, consuming them without medical and/or nutritional guidance. The study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and consumption of diet and light/zero foods in adolescents enrolled at public and private schools in Tupaciguara, MG, Brazil. Cross-sectional study which weight and height of the adolescents were used for assessing the nutritional status. Dietary intake and knowledge about diet and light/zero foods were evaluated by a questionnaire. Statistical analysis comprised a descriptive analysis, Qui-square test and Fisher´s exact test. The consumption of diet and light/zero foods was higher in female adolescents (50.9%), in the private school (67.4%), with a family income corresponding to or higher than five minimum wages (50.9%) and weight excess (54.3%). The knowledge of the diet foods was higher in female adolescents (57.4%) and the knowledge of the light/zero foods was the same in both genders (56.0%). The knowledge of the diet and light/zero foods was higher in the private school (76.1%), with family income corresponding to or higher than five minimum wages (60.0%) and 81.0% of normal weight female adolescents had knowledge of diet food and 80.1% of the light/zero foods. In conclusion, the adolescents usually consumed indiscriminately and incorrectly the diet and light/zero foods because of the lack of knowledge about their differences and recommendations. Keywords: Adolescent. Diet Fads. Food Consumption. Nutritional Status. ResumoNos últimos anos têm aumentado o consumo de alimentos diet e light/zero pelos adolescentes devido à preocupação com a imagem corporal. Porém os adolescentes desconhecem as indicações e diferenças desses produtos, consumindo-os sem orientação médica e/ou nutricional. O estudo objetivou avaliar o conhecimento e o consumo de alimentos diet e light/zero por adolescentes matriculados em escolas públicas e particular de ensino de Tupaciguara, MG, Brasil. Estudo transversal, com 316 adolescentes de ambas as escolas. O peso e estatura foram utilizados para avaliar o estado nutricional. O consumo alimentar e o conhecimento sobre os alimentos diet e light/zero foram avaliados por um questionário. A estatística consistiu em análise descritiva, teste Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher. O consumo de alimentos diet e light/zero foi maior entre alunos do sexo feminino (50,9%), da escola particular (67,4%), com renda familiar igual ou maior a cinco salários mínimos (50,9%) e com excesso de peso (54,3%). O conhecimento sobre os alimentos diet foi maior no sexo feminino (57,4%) e o conhecimento sobre os alimentos light/zero foi igual em ambos os sexos (56,0%). O conhecimento sobre os produtos diet e light/zero foi maior na escola particular (76,1%), com renda familiar igual ou maior a 5 salários mínimos (60,0%); 81,0% dos eutróficos tinham conhecimento sobre os alimentos diet e 80,1% sobre os alimentos light/zero. Contatou-se que os adolescentes faziam uso indiscriminado e incorreto dos alimentos diet e light/zero, pois desconheciam as suas diferenças e indicações. Palavras-chave: Adolescente, Dietas da Moda. Consumo de Alimentos. Estado Nutricional.
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