ResumoO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar e comparar as variáveis de crescimento, o desenvolvimento e os componentes de produtividade de raízes e hastes de cinco cultivares de mandioca em ambiente subtropical no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. O experimento de campo foi conduzido nos anos agrícolas de 2010-2011 e 2011-2012, em Santa Maria, RS, com cinco cultivares de mandioca (Fepagro-RS13, Fepagro-RS14, Estrangeira, Fécula Branca e Cascuda) no delineamento blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições em esquema bifatorial. Foram coletadas variáveis de crescimento e desenvolvimento como área foliar, altura de plantas e número de folhas e componentes de produtividade de raízes e hastes. As cultivares Fepagro-RS13 e Fepagro-RS14 possuem maior IAF com elevada produção de parte aérea e maior altura total comparadas às das cultivares Estrangeira, Fécula Branca e Cascuda por emitirem maior quantidade de ramificações simpodiais. As cultivares Fepagro-RS13 e Fepagro-RS14 possuem elevada produção tanto de parte aérea quanto de raiz, enquanto as cultivares Estrangeira, Cascuda e Fécula Branca possuem maior aptidão para produção de raízes tuberosas em ambiente subtropical no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.Palavras-chave: Manihot esculenta Crantz, desenvolvimento, raízes tuberosas, hastes, componentes de produtividade. Performance of cassava cultivars in subtropical environment AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate and compare variables of growth, development and yield components of roots and stems of five cassava cultivars in subtropical environment in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A field experiment was conducted in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 growing seasons at Santa Maria, RS, with five cassava cultivars, Fepagro -RS 13, Fepagro -RS 13, Fepagro -RS 14, Estrangeira, Fécula Branca and Cascuda in a randomized block design with four replicates and a two factor scheme. Variables of growth and development such as leaf area, plant height and leaf number and yield components of roots and stems were collected. The cultivars Fepagro -RS 13 and Fepagro -RS 14 have the highest LAI, above-ground biomass and height compared to the cultivars Estrangeira, Fécula Branca and Cascuda, because the former have greater sympodial branching. Cultivars Fepagro -RS13 and Fepagro -RS 14 have high production of both above-ground and tuber roots whereas cultivars Estrangeira, Cascuda and Fécula Branca are adapted for tuber roots production in subtropical environment of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
ABSTRACT:The objective of this study was to propose a model, named Simanihot, for simulating growth, development and yield of tuberous roots in cassava, with a choice of two soil water balance models. The model works on a day time step and is calibrated for five cassava cultivars (Fepagro -RS 14, Estrangeira, Cascuda, São José e Paraguaia), with different branching habits and different purpose of use (pasture, food and industry). The model has a graphical interface, where the user can choose one out of two soil water balance models, depending upon the number of known soil variables and details the user wants to know about soil water content.
ABSTRACT:The objective of this study was to simulate the yield of two cassava cultivars in two IPCC future climate scenarios, the SRES-A1B (Cmip3) and the RCP4.5 (Cmip5) (2010-2039, 2040-2069 e 2070-2099), changes in tuberous roots yield are more evident in the end of the century period RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi simular a produtividade de duas cultivares de mandioca em dois cenários climáticos futuros
It is estimated that the global number of people affected by micronutrient deficiency, known worldwide as hidden hunger, is over two billion and also considered a public health problem. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate biofortified cassava cultivars in relation to their physical-chemical composition, total carotenoids and to verify their sensory acceptance by schoolchildren. The study was conducted in Santa Maria, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil, with four cassava cultivars, two biofortified with yellow pulp (BRS 399 and BRS 396); two non-biofortified varieties: one with yellow pulp (“Gema de ovo”) and another with white pulp (“Vassourinha”). After cooking the roots, the nutritional composition (moisture, protein, lipid, ash, and total starch), the total carotenoid content, and the sensory acceptance of the roots by the children at school, in the countryside of Julio de Castilhos and Dilermando de Aguiar, was determined. The contents of moisture, protein, lipids, ash, and starch showed significant variations between the cultivars analyzed. The highest levels of total carotenoids were found in biofortified cultivars (12.85 µg g-1). In the non-biofortified cultivars, “Gema de ovo” and “Vassourinha”, the levels were 12.01 µg g-1 and 3.30 µg g-1, respectively. Sensory acceptance was 78.7%, demonstrating the potential for the insertion of biofortified roots in school meals.
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the response to fertilization and different weed control periods in the accumulation of dry matter of cassava leaves, stems, roots, and fresh mass roots yield. Two experiments were carried out on commercial fields in Ibarama, and Santa Maria municipalities located at the Rio Grande do Sul State, South Brazil, during the 2018/2019 growing season. Five treatments, varying chemical fertilizer applications and herbicides were used to represent management practices commonly used by farmers in Southern Brazil. The Simanihot process-based model simulated cassava growth, development, and productivity under potential conditions. Results show that the recommended dose of fertilizers and liming combined with pre-emergent herbicide and three mechanical weed clear management showed a 72% increase in root productivity compared to the management used by the average yield of smallholder farmers. Therefore, it is possible to reach 80% of the potential productivity by keeping the cassava crop free from weed interference and applying fertilizers. The presence of weeds during the first 100 days after planting reduced about 50% of the plant dry matter production in Ibarama and Santa Maria. Interestingly, it also affects 79.2% of fresh roots productivity in Ibarama. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the response to fertilization and different weed control periods in the accumulation of dry matter of cassava leaves, stems, roots, and fresh mass roots yield. Two experiments were carried out on commercial fields in Ibarama, and Santa Maria municipalities located at the Rio Grande do Sul State, South Brazil, during the 2018/2019 growing season. Five treatments, varying chemical fertilizer applications and herbicides were used to represent management practices commonly used by farmers in Southern Brazil. The Simanihot process-based model simulated cassava growth, development, and productivity under potential conditions. Results show that the recommended dose of fertilizers and liming combined with pre-emergent herbicide and three mechanical weed clear management showed a 72% increase in root productivity compared to the management used by the average yield of smallholder farmers. Therefore, it is possible to reach 80% of the potential productivity by keeping the cassava crop free from weed interference and applying fertilizers. The presence of weeds during the first 100 days after planting reduced about 50% of the plant dry matter production in Ibarama and Santa Maria. Interestingly, it also affects 79.2% of fresh roots productivity in Ibarama.
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