In this study, the effects of ultrasound- (US-) assisted beef marination on consumer perception and the homogeneity of the solute and mass transfer were evaluated. Marinated and US-treated meat samples (40 kHz, 11 W/cm2 for 20, 40, and 60 min, and storing at 4°C for 7 d) were evaluated by a group of consumers using a structured 9-point hedonic scale of satisfaction. The preferences were analyzed with XLSTAT-Sensory® software. The analysis was performed in conjunction with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic study to evaluate the sodium transference. The perception analysis indicated that the use of US-assisted marination did not increase the beef acceptability. The sonicated samples showed a more homogeneous distribution of sodium. However, traditional marination (TM) stored for 7 d resulted in greater mass transfer than the US-assisted marination without storage.

The present study aims to evaluate the uniformity of the high intensity ultrasound (US) effects on the quality of beef longissimus dorsi. For this purpose L. dorsi muscles from Hereford carcasses were cut into 2.54 cm thick slices. Each sample was marked into concentric areas of 2 cm wide. Ultrasound (37 kHz and 7 W/cm 2) treatment was performed for 60 min using an ultrasonic bath and treated meat was stored at 4 °C for 0 and 7 days. pH values decreased after 7 days of aging at 4 °C with and without ultrasound application (P < 0.0001). The color parameters a* and b* and WHC increased significantly in the sonicated samples after 7 d of storage at 4 °C (P < 0.0001). No differences by US (P = 0.6711) and storage time (P = 0.4184) were found. Therefore, ultrasonic intensity was homogeneously distributed in the samples and had no negative effects on the quality of the meat. A reduction (P < 0.0001) in psychrophilic and coliform (P < 0.0001) bacteria was observed by US, while mesophilic bacteria increased (P < 0.0001) by US. US could be considered as an efficient technology to be used in beef to improve meat quality and safety.

This review describes the mechanism, operation, and recent potential applications of ultrasound in various food systems, as well as the physical and chemical effects of ultrasound treatments on the conservation and modification of different groups of food. Acoustic energy has been recognized as an emerging technology with great potential for applications in the food industry. The phenomenon of acoustic cavitation, which modifies the physical, chemical, and functional properties of food, can be used to improve existing processes and to develop new ones. The combination of ultrasonic energy with a sanitizing agent can improve the effect of microbial reduction in foods and, thereby, their quality. Finally, it is concluded that the use of ultrasound in food is a very promising area of research; however, more research is still needed before applying this technology in a wider range of industrial sectors.

No abstract

In the present study, the effects of ultrasound (10, 20, and 30 min) on the bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity, enzymatic inhibition, and in vitro digestion of six honey extracts from the Oaxaca state, Mexico, were analyzed. Significant differences were found in each honey extract with respect to the ultrasonic treatment applied (p < 0.05). In the honey extract P-A1 treated with 20 min of ultrasound, the phenols reached a maximum concentration of 29.91 ± 1.56 mg EQ/100 g, and the flavonoids of 1.92 ± 0.01 mg EQ/100 g; in addition, an inhibition of α-amylase of 37.14 ± 0.09% was noted. There were also differences in the phases of intestinal and gastric digestion, presenting a decrease in phenols (3.92 ± 0.042 mg EQ/100 g), flavonoids (0.61 ± 0.17 mg EAG/100 mg), antioxidant capacity (8.89 ± 0.56 mg EAG/100 mg), and amylase inhibition (9.59 ± 1.38%). The results obtained from this study indicate that, in some honeys, the processing method could increase the concentration of bioactive compounds, the antioxidant capacity, and the enzymatic inhibition; however, when subjected to in vitro digestion, the properties of honey are modified. The results obtained could aid in the development of these compounds for use in traditional medicine as a natural source of bioactive compounds.

Para analizar el efecto de alimentos no convencionales sobre el costo de producción de la leche y las variables productivasreproductivas, 32 vacas Holstein fueron seleccionadas por número de parto y condición corporal. Se evaluaron dos sistemas de alimentación: el primero incluyó desperdicios orgá- nicos, alimento balanceado comercial y forraje (ANC), y en el segundo se utilizó alimento balanceado comercial y forraje (AC). Se encontró que el tipo de alimentación no influyó en la producción láctea ni en el intervalo parto-primer calor, y que el número de parto (edad) de la vaca favoreció la producción de leche y el retorno al rastro después del parto. Con estos datos, se puede afirmar que la sustitución de alimentos balanceados comerciales por desperdicios orgánicos no afecta las variables productivas-reproductivas en las vacas y disminuye el costo de producción de la leche. También se discute la posibilidad de que los productores de leche de Iztapalapa sustituyan parte de la dieta convencional, incorporando desperdicios orgánicos.

No abstract

RESUMENEl Cavia porcellus es utilizada como una especie de abasto de carne, es parte de la alimentación y fuente de sustento en algunas regiones del mundo. En México los sistemas de producción de cuyes representan una oportunidad para producir carne para autoconsumo e incluso para venta local. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar sensorialmente la propuesta gastronómica a base de carne de C. porcellus; la cual estuvo preparada por cuatro guisos (en crema de champiñones, asado, adobado agridulce y en mole amarillito) y se evaluaron sensorialmente por 40 jueces no entrenados mediante una prueba de aceptabilidad con una escala estructurada de satisfacción hedónica, los atributos considerados fueron la apariencia, olor, sabor, terneza y jugosidad. Los datos se analizaron mediante una Clasificación Jerárquica Ascendente y un Análisis de Componentes Principales para construir el modelo cuadrático de mapeo de preferencias externas. Los resultados indicaron que para los consumidores de la clase 2 existe un efecto significativo (R 2 =0.976, p<0.05), determinando su aceptación general en común por el cuy en crema de champiñones. Se concluyó que la propuesta gastronómica de los cuatro guisos con carne de cuy fue aceptada, pero el de mayor aceptación fue el cuy en crema de champiñones.