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A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the associated factors of brucellosis in Colombia's preeminent dairy region declared in quarantine. A total of 656 samples were collected from cows ≥ 2-year-old from 40 herds. Samples were screened by the Rose Bengal Plate Test, and the Fluorescence Polarized Assay test and Competitive ELISA were used as confirmatory tests. A cow was classified as positive if the screening and both confirmatory tests were positive. A herd was classified as positive if at least one cow was seropositive. The factors associated to seropositivity were tested using a logistic regression model with explanatory variables regarding cattle management, zootechnical parameters, and sanitary practices. The seroprevalence at the animal level was 6.6% (43/656) and at herd level 27.5% (11/40). In the model, five variables explained the animal cases: purchase or animal transfer between owner's farms (

Blood and biochemical profiles of animals can be used to evaluate the physiological state of an individual and relate it to that individual’s health. In many countries, water buffaloes are currently evaluated using blood parameters from other bovine species. To accurately interpret the biochemical results from individual animals, species-specific reference ranges should be established. One hundred and twenty-eight water buffaloes, without clinical signs of disease and of different ages, were analyzed, and reference intervals were calculated (95% CI; p < 0.05). The data were analyzed according to three age groups (calves, young animals, and adults) and the infection status (infected or uninfected with Trypanosoma spp.). All the biochemical values of total serum proteins, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma globulin, urea nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus were included; these are parameters that are generally affected by parasites or by infection with hemotropic agents. Natural infection with Trypanosoma spp. gave rise to differences (p < 0.05) in terms of increased calcium and decreased total protein, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate aminotransferase. Thus, it can be inferred that the infection follows a chronic course in the affected animals, in this case, young animals or young animals.

Microbial growth in semen may cause a decline of sperm quality and fertility; however, the addition of antifungals to semen extender has been shown to impair the overall fertility of the sperm. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of conventional and natural compounds, and their effect on the motility and kinetics of cooled stallion semen. A total of 15 ejaculates from five stallions were collected using the artificial vagina. Each ejaculate was supplemented with: fluconazole at 12.5 (F1), 25 (F2) and 50 (F3) mg/ml; amphotericin‐B at 6.5 (A1), 12.5 (A2) and 25 (A3) mg/ml (A3); clotrimazole at 12.5 (C1), 25 (C2) and 50 (C3) mg/ml; isoespintanol at 50 (I1), 100 (I2) and 150 (I3) µM; thymol at 50 (T1), 100 (T2) and 150 (T3) µM; and a control without supplementation. Motility and kinetics of semen at 0, 24 and 48 hr of cooling at 15°C were assessed using computer‐assisted sperm analysis (CASA). At hour 48 of cooling, the antifungal effect of the treatments was evaluated. At hour 0 of cooling, amphotericin‐B and I3 showed a reduction in most of the motility and kinetic parameters evaluated (p < .05). These treatments, and also C2 and C3, showed similar results at 24 and 48 hr of cooling. Thymol maintained motility and kinetics of the spermatozoa at all evaluated refrigeration times. Besides, I2 showed a decrease (p < .05) in the colony‐forming unit compared to that in the control. It is concluded that thymol and isospintanol could be added as natural antifungals in extenders for stallion semen refrigeration.

Amenorrhea is a common symptom that generally presents to the gynecologist for evaluation and therapy during adolescence. Its presence, in combination with an anomaly of the vagina and a pelvic mass, suggests many possible etiologies whose diagnosis and management is critical in the young patient. Here we present such a patient who was treated with a transabdominal hysterectomy and left salpingectomy. A 22-year-old nulliparous female presented with amenorrhea, pelvic pain, and dyspaurenia. Pelvic examination, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a left adnexal mass suspicious for an endometrioma or hematosalpinx but further definition was difficult. Surgery confirmed a 10 3 6 cm "chocolate" fluid-filled fallopian tube and a uterine remnant, without a cervix. The vagina was hypoplastic and ended in a blunt pouch. Both ovaries appeared normal. Pathological evaluation of the fallopian tube demonstrated "chocolate" fluid and no tubal endometriosis. The myometrium and endometrium were unremarkable and there was no evidence of endometriosis in the pelvis. Primary amenorrhea secondary to vaginal hypoplasia can, in rare instances, be accompanied by congenital uterine and fallopian tube dysgenesis. The pelvic mass that was seen was of concern because even with advanced radiological studies, and ultrasound, it could not be determined if the patient had a patent cervix or if the uterine tissue could be joined to the vagina to allow normal attempt at fertility. Thus, it was critical to have reviewed the potential surgical options with the patient and her family prior to any intervention. This case is unique in its late presentation, its impact on the patient's reproductive potential, and the possible surgical management of the pelvis. (J GYNECOL SURG 19:43)

Objective. The aim of this study was to establish blood reference intervals (RIs) and describe the effects of age, sex, and natural haemotropical infection with Trypanosoma spp. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed 1225 water buffaloes with nonvisible symptoms of disease stratified by age and sex. The confidence intervals were calculated for each reference limit (95%, p<0.05). The data were analyzed in three age groups (calves, young, and adults), two sex groups (females and males), natural infection with Trypanosoma sp (infected, non-infected). The differences between age group, sex, Trypanosoma spp infection, and all the parameters were compared, and differences between age group, sex, Trypanosomainfection, and hematological parameters were found (p<0.05). Results. Males showed higher values for red blood cell account, white blood cell account, and thrombocyte count; females showed higher values for Mean corpuscular volume and neutrophil parameters. Calves showed more hemoconcentration. than in the other age groups. Young animals showed less total protein, neutrophils and thrombocytes, and a higher Mean corpuscular volume and lymphocyte count. Natural infection with Trypanosomaspp. caused statistically significant relation (p<0.05) decreasing red blood cells, hemoglobin, pack cell volume, platelet, total protein and increases in eosinophils and lymphocytes. Conclusions. Natural infection with Trypanosomaspp. showed differences: (p<0.05) decreasing levels of granulocytes, red blood cell, hemoglobin, Pack volume cell, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin, platelet, total protein, and increasing levels of eosinophils and lymphocytes. No pathognomonic variable of the disease was found. The current study provide RIs and demonstrates changes associated with age, sex and infections.