We present the results of a survey on the use of electronic journals by the academic staff of the universities belonging to the Consortium of Academic Libraries of Catalonia (CBUC). The results show that a high proportion of teaching and research staff are aware of the collection of electronic journals and that there is an increasing preference for the electronic to the detriment of the printed format. The collection of electronic journals is highly valued and most users expect to increase their use of them during the next few years. The results also confirm the importance of discipline and age as explanatory factors of the use of electronic journals. 1 Introduction and objectives This article presents the results of a study on the use of electronic journals by the academic staff of the Consortium of Academic Libraries of Catalonia (CBUC). The CBUC is composed of the eight public Catalan universities¹ and the National Library, though it allows other institutions to participate as users. In January 2006, the CBUC had subscribed consortially to 7,200 electronic journals which can be accessed by the users of the universities belonging to the Consortium. The main aim of the study was to supplement the results obtained in earlier studies,² which had provided very interesting general information on the use of the journal packages licensed by the CBUC. However because these earlier studies had been based exclusively on the analysis of the web access data supplied by the publishers, they failed to give information on the characteristics of the users. The present study aims to extend the information available on the use of the electronic journal collection in order to broaden the available knowledge on a series of questions: • The level of awareness of the collection of electronic journals. • Whether users prefer the electronic or printed format and the advantages and disadvantages that they observe in each format. • The demographic characteristics of the users of electronic journals-discipline, age and academic position-and the effect of these variables on use.
Transformative agreements, also known as 'offsetting', 'read and publish', or 'publish and read' agreements, have shifted the focus of scholarly journal licensing from cost containment towards open access publication. An analysis of 36 full-text transformative agreements recorded in the ESAC registry shows that 'transformative agreement' is an umbrella term that encompasses different kinds of contracts. We differentiate between pre-transformative, partially transformative, and fully transformative agreements. Pretransformative agreements are traditional subscription licences that grant article processing charge (APC) discounts or vouchers for open access publication of a limited number of articles. Partially transformative agreements differentiate between a read fee and a publish fee to cover the processing charges of a certain number of articles. Fully transformative agreements allow unlimited open access publication of the scholarly output of the subscribing institution. In all three categories, some agreements restrict open access publication to hybrid journals, whereas others allow publication in both hybrid and gold journals. Transformative agreements are more transparent than traditional journal licences, allow authors to retain copyright, and make provisions to facilitate the management of open access workflows. It is hard to assess whether these agreements are just a temporary phase in the transition towards open access or will perpetuate the current structure of the scholarly communication system and its associated high costs.
Compound 1 (1-benzyl-3-methyl-4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl]piperazine), a synthetic intermediate identified as a potential atypical antipsychotic, was selected as the starting point for pharmacological improvement. From 1, sequential structural variations were conducted in order to improve its potency and oral bioavailability. These variations included a series of piperazine, ethanediamine, and piperidine derivatives. The piperidine series afforded some orally potent compounds in the inhibition of apomorphine-induced climbing and hyperactivity in mice, which are regarded as behavioral models predictive of antipsychotic efficacy. Further optimization of these structures led to the highly potent 7-[3-(1-piperidinyl)propoxy]chromenones. Inhibition of stereotypies and induction of catalepsy in rats at doses substantially higher than required for inhibition of climbing suggest an atypical antipsychotic profile, which is assumed to predict a reduced induction of extrapyramidal side effects in humans.
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