No abstract

O Toxoplasma gondii, agente da toxoplasmose, encontra-se distribuído mundialmente. No presente estudo, determinou-se a prevalência do T. gondii nas espécies suína, bovina, ovina e eqüina oriundas de fazendas do município de Jaguapitã , através da imunofluorescência indireta para detecção de anticorpos da classe - IgG, considerando-se sororeagentes aqueles títulos maiores ou iguais a 1:64. Verificou-se uma prevalência de 24% em 267 amostras de suínos, 25,8% em 400 amostras de bovinos, 51,8% em 228 amostras de ovinos e 12,1% em 173 amostras de eqüinos. Com relação às faixas etárias, apenas os ovinos e suínos apresentaram diferenças estatísticas significantes, aumentando a soropositividade com as idades, porém, não se verificaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas com base no sexo de nenhuma das espécies animais estudadas. Obtiveram-se correlações entre os títulos de anticorpos interespécie, positivas e significativas, sendo que apresentaram importância epidemiológica aquelas entre as espécies humana-canina (r=0,64 p=0,05), humana-felina (r=0,78 p=0,01), canina-suína (r=0,96 p=0,0001), bovina-ovina (r=0,82 p=0,006), bovina-eqüina (r=0,89 p= 0,001) e ovina-eqüina (r=0,92 p=0,0004), demonstrando que as espécies hominívoras, carnívoras e herbívoras estariam expostas avias de transmissão comuns. Os resultados demostraram a elevada prevalência da toxoplasmose na população estudada e, conseqüentemente, o alto risco da carne como via de transmissão para o homem, quando ingerida crua ou mal cozida.

correspondência. 4 Acadêmicas do Curso de Medicina Veterinária, bolsistas do CNPq. RESUMO O presente estudo determinou a soroprevalência da toxoplasmose em gatos e cães localizados na zona rural do município de Jaguapitã, Estado do Paraná, através da reação de imunofluorescência indireta para detecção de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii da classe IgG, considerando-se reagentes títulos maiores ou iguais a 1:16. Observou-se uma prevalência de 73 % em 163 soros felinos e 84,1% em 189 soros caninos, sendo que nas duas espécies não houve diferença em relação ao sexo. Em relação aos felinos, o título mais freqüente foi 1: 4096 (28,6%) e o maior título encontrado foi de 1:65536 (0,8%), apresentando diferenças estatísticas com relação ás faixas etárias, e com aumento da soropositividade com a idade. Os títulos mais freqüentes nos caninos foram 1:64 (38,4%), e o maior título foi de 1:4096 (1,9%), com soropositividade menor nos animais com menos de 8 meses. Não houve correlação significativa na distribuição dos títulos de anticorpos entre felinos e caninos. Através do presente trabalho, verificou-se que o T. gondii está amplamente distribuído na população felina e canina da região. SUMMARYThe present study was designed to stablish the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in cats and dogs from a rural area of the Jaguapitã county, Paraná state, Antibodies against-Toxoplasma gondii were detected by indirect immunofluorescence test. Titers than 1:16 were considered positive. A prevalence rate of 73% and 84.1% was observed for cats and dogs respectively . There was no difference related to sender. The most frequent titer in cats was 1:4096 (28.6%), whereas the highest titer found was 1:65536 (0.8%). There was a statistical significant increase in seropositivity with age. The most common titers in dogs was 1:64 (38.4%), whereas the highest titer was 1:4096 (1.9%). There was a decrease in seropositivity in dogs with less than 8 of age. There was no significant correlation in the distribuition of titers between dogs and cats. Based on our data we conclude that T. gondii is widely distributed in dogs and cats from this region.

The aims of this study were to verify the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in animal feces and drinking water on dairy farms and to identify a possible relation between the exposure factors and the presence of these parasites. Fecal samples from cattle and humans and water samples were collected on dairy farms in Paraná, Brazil. Analysis of (oo)cysts in the feces was performed by the modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining and centrifugal flotation in zinc sulfate. Test-positive samples were subjected to nested PCR amplification of the 18SSU ribosomal RNA gene for identification of Cryptosporidium and Giardia and of the gp60 gene for subtyping of Cryptosporidium. Microbiological analysis of water was carried out by the multiple-tube method and by means of a chromogenic substrate, and parasitological analysis was performed on 31 samples by direct immunofluorescence and nested PCR of the genes mentioned above. Identification of the species of Cryptosporidium was performed by sequencing and PCR with analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms. The prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium was higher in calves than in adults. Among the samples of cattle feces, Cryptosporidium parvum was identified in 41 (64%), C. ryanae in eight (12.5%), C. bovis in four (6.3%), C. andersoni in five (7.8%), and a mixed infection in 20 samples (31.3%). These parasites were not identified in the samples of human feces. Thermotolerant coliform bacteria were identified in 25 samples of water (45.5%). Giardia duodenalis and C. parvum were identified in three water samples. The gp60 gene analysis of C. parvum isolates revealed the presence of two strains (IIaA20G1R1 and IIaA17G2R2) in the fecal samples and one (IIaA17G2R1) in the water samples. The presence of coliforms was associated with the water source, structure and degradation of springs, rain, and turbidity. The prevalence of protozoa was higher in calves up to six months of age. C. parvum and G. duodenalis were identified in the water of dairy farms, as were thermotolerant coliforms; these findings point to the need for guidance on handling of animals, preservation of water sources, and water treatment.

Occurrence of antibodies to ABSTRACTThree-hundred and eighty-five serum samples were taken from dairy cows on 90 farms in 12 counties from the northern region of the Paraná State, Brazil. The samples were analyzed by IFAT for the detection of anti-Neospora caninum and anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies. Forty-five (12%) samples were seropositive to N. caninum, while 102 (26%) samples were seropositive to T. gondii. Only four animals were seropositive to both coccidia. No significant difference was observed between the N. caninum serology and any of the variables studied, such as dairy cattle management, milk production, reproductive problems, feeding, and presence of dogs, cats and rodents. These data suggest that neosporosis is present among dairy cattle in the studied geographic region and the simultaneous detection of serum positive animals to both types of coccidian parasite demonstrates the independent occurrence of these coccidia in dairy cows.

ResumoAmostras de 339 soros de ovinos da microrregião de Londrina no Estado do Paraná, foram analisadas através da imunofluorescência indireta para pesquisa de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii (IFI-IgG), adotando-se como ponto de corte a diluição 1:64. Foram observados 185 (54,6%) ovinos sororeagentes ao T. gondii, com títulos variando de 64 a 65.536. Todas as propriedades apresentaram ovinos sororeagentes. Animais com idade igual ou maior a dois anos, apresentaram um maior número de sororeagentes, e não foi observada diferença estatística significativa quanto ao sexo. Não foi possível associar a soropositividade para T. gondii com a presença de gatos domiciliados e/ou errantes, uma vez que foi constatada a presença desses animais em todas as propriedades. A partir dos dados obtidos neste estudo, conclui-se que a toxoplasmose está presente no rebanho ovino da microrregião de Londrina no Estado do Paraná. Palavras-chave: Prevalência, Toxoplasma gondii, imunofluorescência indireta, ovinos, anticorpos. AbstractThree hundred and thirty nine serum samples were taken from sheep from Londrina region of the Paraná state, Brazil. Samples were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for the detection of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies. Titers higher or equal to 64 were considered positives. One hundred and eighty five (54,6%) of the 339 samples tested were seropositive, with titres ranging from 64 to 65.536. All farms had positives animals. There was a statistical significant difference between seroprevalence to T. gondii and age. No significant difference was observed in the association between seropreva Londrina region of the Paraná state, Brazil. Samples were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for the detection of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies. Titers higher or equal to 64 were considered positives. One hundred and eighty five (54,6%) of the 339 samples tested were seropositive, with titres ranging from 64 to 65.536. All farms had positives animals. There was a statistical significant difference between seroprevalence to T. gondii and age. No significant difference was observed in the association between seroprevalence and sex. It was not possible to associated T. gondiiseroprevalenceand presence of housed or stray cats, because these animals were present in all farms. The present work showed that T. gondii has a wide distribution in sheep from this region.

Toxoplasmosis is a protozoal zoonosis common among a great variety of species worldwide. The objective of this study was to assess the presence of toxoplasmosis among 345 residents in a rural area in Jagupitã municipality, Paraná state, Brazil. The frequency of titers in human serum samples was compared with the frequency of titers found in 1,420 samples obtained from various animal species with which local residents came into contact. Titers > or = 16 were considered positive. The highest titer found was 65,536 (1%), and the most frequent titer levels were 256 (29%) and 1,024 (19%). The comparisons between humans and animals revealed a positive and significant correlation between humans and felines (r = 0.78; P = 0.01) and humans and canines (r = 0.64; P = 0.05) in terms of titer distribution. Study participants were also tested with the Amsler grid. Seventy-five of the 345 people (22%) reported some type of ocular degradation. Of these 75, 58 of them (77%) were seropositive for toxoplasmosis. Forty-one of these 58 people underwent an ophthalmologic exam. Of these 41, 9 of them, who were between 34 and 78 years old, presented lesions characteristic of healed chorioretinitis, suggesting ocular toxoplasmosis. None of the 9 had ocular inflammation. Six of the 9 patients (67%) had unilateral lesions; 4 of these 6 presented a titer level of 256. The epidemiological survey showed that the probability of presenting ocular problems was 2.06 times as great for reactive patients as for nonreactive ones. No significant differences were observed in terms of sex, contact with felines or other animals, consumption of raw or rare meat and raw milk, and slaughtering of animals for personal consumption. Our results suggest that toxoplasmosis is common in the region, with a significant incidence of ocular lesions caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Health authorities should increase their monitoring and control activities in order to decrease the risk of toxoplasmic infections, especially among pregnant women.

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