Soroprevalência, epidemiologia e avaliação ocular da toxoplasmose humana na zona rural de Jaguapitã (Paraná), Brasil

Abstract

Toxoplasmosis is a protozoal zoonosis common among a great variety of species worldwide. The objective of this study was to assess the presence of toxoplasmosis among 345 residents in a rural area in Jagupitã municipality, Paraná state, Brazil. The frequency of titers in human serum samples was compared with the frequency of titers found in 1,420 samples obtained from various animal species with which local residents came into contact. Titers > or = 16 were considered positive. The highest titer found was 65,536 (1%), and the most frequent titer levels were 256 (29%) and 1,024 (19%). The comparisons between humans and animals revealed a positive and significant correlation between humans and felines (r = 0.78; P = 0.01) and humans and canines (r = 0.64; P = 0.05) in terms of titer distribution. Study participants were also tested with the Amsler grid. Seventy-five of the 345 people (22%) reported some type of ocular degradation. Of these 75, 58 of them (77%) were seropositive for toxoplasmosis. Forty-one of these 58 people underwent an ophthalmologic exam. Of these 41, 9 of them, who were between 34 and 78 years old, presented lesions characteristic of healed chorioretinitis, suggesting ocular toxoplasmosis. None of the 9 had ocular inflammation. Six of the 9 patients (67%) had unilateral lesions; 4 of these 6 presented a titer level of 256. The epidemiological survey showed that the probability of presenting ocular problems was 2.06 times as great for reactive patients as for nonreactive ones. No significant differences were observed in terms of sex, contact with felines or other animals, consumption of raw or rare meat and raw milk, and slaughtering of animals for personal consumption. Our results suggest that toxoplasmosis is common in the region, with a significant incidence of ocular lesions caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Health authorities should increase their monitoring and control activities in order to decrease the risk of toxoplasmic infections, especially among pregnant women.

Prevalence and risk factors for human toxoplasmosis in a rural community

“…Garcia et al (10) found a similarity between serum antibody titers in humans and those found in dogs and cats. These authors deliberated that a common source of infection may be implied because both species are carnivores, and feeding habits could be responsible for both infections, while cats would have an indirect role, contaminating the environment with oocysts.…”

Seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in women of childbearing age from a marginal community of Maracaibo, Venezuela

“…gondii infection is widely spread in Latin America, mainly in tropical areas, where shows prevalence range of 65% in the population 15,28 . High prevalence has been reported in Chile 10,28 , Brazil 5,19 , Ecuador 17 , Panamá 15,31 , Costa Rica 18 , Mexico 34 , Cuba 24 and Venezuela 8,12,16,23,25,29 .…”

Environmental risk factors for canine toxoplasmosis in a deprived district of Botucatu, SP, Brazil

“…This type of research has great epidemiological value, because these animals are thoroughly diffused and share the same habitat as humans (12), and in many situations are considered family members.…”