The angico alcoholic extract (Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil) induces the acceleration of wound healing in skin wounds of rats.

PURPOSE:To evaluate the effects of aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolius) ointment on skin wound healing in rats. METHODS:Adult male rats (n=20) were divided into four groups of five animals each, as follows: G4, G7, G14 and G21, which corresponds to 4 th , 7 th , 14 th and 21 th days postoperatively. Each animal were made two incisions on the skin, including the subcutaneous tissue, in the right and left sides of thoracic region, separated by a distance of two inches. The right lesion was treated with base ointment (vaseline, lanolin); the left one was treated with base ointment containing 5% of aroeira oil. At the end of each experimental period the lesions were evaluated for the contraction degree. Then held the collection of fragments that were fixed in 10% formalin and processed for paraffin embedding. In the histological sections (5μm) was evaluated the morphology and quantified the collagen and blood vessels.The data obtained were submitted to ANOVA test complemented by Tukey-Kramer test (p<0.05). RESULTS:The contraction of the lesions was higher in wounds treated with aroeira oil than in controls at 7 th and 14 th days (p<0.01), whereas in the 21 st day all lesions were already completely healed. The morphology showed granulation tissue more developed, with fibroblasts more bulky and collagen fibers more arranged in the experimental group at 4 th , 7 th and 14 th days. The morphometry showed a significant increase in the quantification of collagen fibers in the experimental group at 7 th and 14 th days (p<0.05). CONCLUSION:The aroeira oil accelerates the healing process of wounds as a macroscopic, morphological and morphometrical analysis.

PURPOSE:To evaluate the effects of copaiba oil ointment (Copaifera langsdorffii) on dorsal skin flaps in rats. METHODS:Adult male rats (n=30) were distributed into three groups of ten animals each, as follows: GC -control; GCA -absolute control and GT -treated with copaiba ointment. The rats were subjected to dorsal cutaneous skin flap surgery and the animals from the GC and GT received post-operative treatment for eight consecutive days. The animals from the GCA group did not receive treatment while the animals from the GC group received daily topical treatment of ointment without the active ingredient and the animals from the GT group were daily treated with 10% copaiba oil ointment. At the end of each experimental period the lesions were evaluated according to the percentage of necrotic area. Then, fragments from cranial, median and caudal parts were fixed in Boüin's solution and processed for paraffin embedding. The morphology of histological sections (5μm) was evaluated and the number of leucocytes, fibroblasts and blood vessels was also analyzed. The data obtained were submitted to ANOVA test complemented by Tukey-Kramer test (p<0.05). RESULTS: The necrotic area was lower in the group treated with copaiba ointment when compared to the control groups (GCA>GC and GT), while the morphology showed larger granulation tissue with bulky fibroblasts and collagen fibers more arranged in the GT group. The morphometry showed a significant higher number of blood vessels in the median and caudal parts (GT>GCA and GC), leucocytes in the cranial part (GT>GC>GCA), and also fibroblasts in the median (GT and GC> GCA) and caudal parts (GT>GC and GCA) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION:The copaiba oil ointment favors angiogenesis and accelerates the viability of random skin flaps in rats.

Enterolobium contortisiliquum pods are commonly identified as being the cause of abortions and photosensitivity in cattle. This paper describes the clinical and pathological aspects of a natural outbreak of hepatogenous photosensitization by the pods of E. contortisiliquum in Brazil and the results of experimental poisoning in three bovines. The history of natural poisoning was obtained at the site of the outbreak. Clinical examinations were carried out and hepatic enzymes were analyzed. A post-mortem examination was carried out at the outbreak location on a cow that had died. Several samples were collected from the animal's internal organs to carry out histopathological examinations. E. contortisiliquum pods were given to cows in order to reproduce the disease. The natural poisonings were characterized by photosensitization and aborted young. Enterolobium photosensitization was not experimentally reproduced, but the animals fell sick and recovered after 52 days.

PURPOSE:To evaluate the effects of angico bark extract (Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil) in the healing process of the skin of rats. METHODS:Twenty adult male rats were divided into four groups of five animals each, according to the respective postoperative days, as follow: G4, G7, G14 and G21. Each group received two incisions on skin and subcutaneous tissue in the right and left antimere of the thoracic region, separated by a distance of 2 cm. The right lesion was treated daily with saline and the left with the angico alcoholic extract (5%). At the end of each experimental period, the animals were euthanized and fragments of the wound area with the edges were removed, fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution and processed for paraffin embedding. Histological sections (5 µm of thickness) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), Gomori trichromic and picrosisirus red for morphological and morphometric analyses.Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer test (p<0.05). RESULTS:Morphological analysis showed larger fibroblasts and a higher concentration of collagen fibers in skyn wounds treated with the angico extract. Morphometric analysis demonstrated a significant increase in the number of fibroblasts at 7th and collagen in 7th and 14th days (p<0.01) in wounds treated with the angico extract. CONCLUSION:The angico alcoholic extract (Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil) induces the acceleration of wound healing in skin wounds of rats.

Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar morfometricamente a neoangiogênese de retalhos cutâneos subdérmicos em ratos tratados com óleo de copaíba (Copaifera langsdorffi i) em pomada a 10%. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, composto por três recursos farmacológicos. Foram utilizadas dez repetições para cada recurso, e cada animal foi considerado uma unidade experimental. Trinta ratos Wistar foram submetidos à elevação do retalho cutâneo dorsal subdérmico e distribuídos em três grupos: grupo controle absoluto, no qual os animais não receberam nenhum tratamento; grupo controle, no qual os animais receberam tratamento tópico diário com pomada com apenas veículo (glicerina e vaselina); e grupo tratado, no qual os animais foram tratados diariamente com óleo de copaíba em pomada a 10%. Os ratos foram tratados e observados por oito dias após o ato operatório. No oitavo dia de pós-operatório, realizou-se a análise macroscópica do retalho e foram coletados fragmentos das porções cranial, média e caudal do retalho cutâneo para análise histopatológica. A análise morfométrica mostrou diferença signifi cativa para o número de novos vasos sanguíneos nas partes média e caudal do retalho cutâneo no grupo tratado. O óleo de copaíba mostra-se efi ciente no aumento da neoangiogênese em retalhos cutâneos subdérmicos de ratos.Termos para indexação: Copaifera langsdorffi i, isquemia, neovascularização. Neoangiogenesis of skin fl aps in rats treated with copaiba oilAbstract -The aim of this work was to evaluate morphometric aspects of subdermic skin fl ap neoangiogenesis in rats treated with a 10% copaiba (Copaifera langsdorffi i) oil ointment. The experiment design was a completely randomized, with three pharmacological resources. Ten replicates were used for each resource, and each animal was considered one experimental unit. Thirty Wistar rats were submitted to subdermic dorsal skin fl ap elevation and distributed into three groups: absolute control group, in which the animals did not receive any treatment; control group, in which the animals received topical treatment only with vehicle (glycerin and petroleum jelly), and treated group, in which the animals were treated daily with a 10% copaiba oil ointment. The rats were treated and observed for eight days after surgery. On the eighth day, the skin fl ap underwent a macroscopic analysis and fragments were collected from its cranial, medial and caudal portions for histopathological analysis. The morphometric analysis showed signifi cant difference for proliferation of newly formed vessels in the middle and caudal portions of the skin fl ap in the treated group. Copaiba oil showed effi ciency in the increase of neoangiogenesis of subdermic skin fl aps in rats.

Background The intraglandular application of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT‐A) is used in patients with neuromotor disorders to control the escape of saliva. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of repeated treatment with BoNT‐A on the submandibular‐sublingual complex of rats. Methods A total of 35 Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control group (C), in which animals were not treated; group B, treated with 2.5 U intraglandular injections of BoNT‐A (Prosigne®) and group G, that received bovine gelatine (Prosigne stabilizer). Three applications were performed in intervals of 35 days. Twelve and 35 days after ending the treatment, submandibular‐sublingual complex was collected for histological analysis. Immunohistochemical reactions for calponin and specific muscle actin were also performed, besides detection of apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Results A decrease in mucosal and serous acini diameter was observed, with increased interstitial space after 12 days of treatment with BoNT‐A, which was observed in a lesser degree on the 35th day. At 12 days, immunohistochemical analysis revealed a decrease in myoepithelial cells of serous acini in group B. TUNEL methods evidenced apoptosis in animals from group B. Conclusions BoNT‐A caused histological and cellular changes in submandibular‐sublingual complex, followed by a tendency toward reversal after 35 days. The reversal characteristic of cellular changes in the submandibular‐sublingual complex suggests that this BoNT‐A formulation may be safely used for sialorrhea treatment.

Purpose: To evaluate wound contraction and the concentration of mast cells in skin wounds treated with wild plum (Ximenia americana) essential oil-based ointment in rats. Methods: Sixty rats were submitted to two cutaneous wounds in the thoracic region, on the right and left antimeres. Thereon, they were divided into three groups: GX (wounds treated once a day with hydro alcoholic branch extract of Ximenia amerIcana), GP (wounds that received vehicle), and GC (wounds without product ap-plication). Wounds were measured immediately after the injury as well as 4, 7, 14 and 21 days post-topical application of the extract. At these days, five rats from each group were euthanatized. Thereafter, samples were fixed in 10% formalde-hyde and processed for paraffin embedding. Sections were stained with H.E, Masson's Trichrome and toluidine blue for morphological, morphometrical and histopathological analysis, under light microscopy. The degree of epithelial con-traction was measured and mast cell concentrations were also evaluated with an image analyzer (Image Pro-plus®software). Results: The extract treated group showed lower mast cell concentrations in the 4th day of lesion, as compared to GP (GX GP = GC; p<0.05). Conclusion: Ointment containing 10% X. americana induces a decrease in mast cell concen-tration, at the beginning of the healing process, and promotes early skin wound contraction in rats.