Background The COVID‐19 pandemic posed a great challenge to paediatric dentistry, which confronted with the restriction of service and resource shortage. Aim To retrospectively analyse the information of children's dental online health consultation during the COVID‐19 pandemic in China, and to provide methods to distinguish between dental emergencies and non‐emergencies as well as their management. Design We collected all the online consultation information in Dept. of Paediatric dentistry, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, from 2 February to 31 March 2020, and extracted the information of age, gender, reason for consultation, description of symptom, and preliminary diagnosis of the children. Results A total of 474 online consultations of paediatric dentistry were included within 59 days during lockdown, and 190 (40.1%) were dental emergencies and 284 (59.9%) non‐emergencies. Of 190 emergency consultations, 186 (97.9%) showed swelling, pain, and trauma with or without systemic symptoms. Among 284 non‐emergency consultations, retained primary teeth (n = 126) and orthodontic consultation (n = 53) were the most common reasons for consultation. Conclusion The paediatric emergency and non‐emergency problems should be clearly distinguished and sufficient instructions provided in the special period of COVID‐19. Priorities also should be set to deal with urgent conditions after the release of lockdown.

ObjectiveTo review the literature related to diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), and investigate research hotspots and development trends of this field in the relevant studies based on CiteSpace software of text mining and visualization in scientific literature.MethodsThe relevant literature from the last 20 years was retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection database. After manual selection, each document record includes title, authors, year, organization, abstract, keywords, citation, descriptors, and identifiers. We imported the downloaded data into CiteSpace V (version 5.8.R2) to draw the knowledge map and conduct cooperative network analysis, cluster analysis, burst keyword analysis, and co-citation analysis.ResultsAfter manual screening, there were 3,547 relevant pieces of literature published in the last 18 years (from 2004 to 2021), including 2,935 articles and reviews, which contained 15,533 references, and the number was increasing year by year. The publications of DCM were dedicated by 778 authors of 512 institutions in 116 countries. The People's Republic of China dominated this field (1,117), followed by the USA (768) and Canada (176). In general, most articles were published with a focus on “oxidative stress,” “heart failure,” “diabetic cardiomyopathy,” “dysfunction,” “cardiomyopathy,” “expression,” “heart,” “mechanism,” and “insulin resistance.” Then, 10 main clusters were generated with a modularity Q of 0.6442 and a weighted mean silhouette of 0.8325 by the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) algorithm, including #0 heart failure, #1 perfused heart, #2 metabolic disease, #3 protective effect, #4 diabetic patient, #5 cardiac fibrosis, #6 vascular complication, #7 mitochondrial dynamics, #8 sarcoplasmic reticulum, and #9 zinc supplementation. The top five references with the strongest citation bursts include “Boudina and Abel”, “Jia et al.”, “Fang et al.”, “Poornima et al.”, and “Aneja et al.”.ConclusionThe global field of DCM has expanded in the last 20 years. The People's Republic of China contributes the most. However, there is little cooperation among authors and institutions. Overall, this bibliometric study identified the hotspots in DCM research, including “stress state,” “energy metabolism,” “autophagy,” “apoptosis,” “inflammation,” “fibrosis,” “PPAR,” etc. Thus, further research focuses on these topics that may be more helpful to identify, prevent DCM and improve prophylaxis strategies to bring benefit to patients in the near future.

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Revascularization has been incorporated into endodontic practice and become a viable treatment alternative for immature teeth with pulp necrosis. Thorough disinfection of the root canal is a key factor for successful revascularization. An erbium: yttrium–aluminium–garnet (Er: YAG) laser has been proved advantageous for efficient root canal disinfection. This article reports one case of periapical periodontitis caused by a fractured occlusal tubercle. Revascularization assisted by Er: YAG laser irrigation was carried out with long-term follow up. During the process of treatment, we opened drainage to relieve the acute symptoms first. The necrotic pulp was removed, and then the root canal was rinsed with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution assisted by Er: YAG laser irrigation, dried, and filled with a triple-antibiotic paste. After two weeks, the intracanal medication was removed, and 9 mL of whole vein blood was taken from the patient to prepare concentrated growth factor (CGF) after failing to induce enough blood into the canal system by over-instrumenting. The newly prepared CGF was transferred into the root canal. A 3 mm mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was placed directly on the thrombus of the CGF and then restored with glass-ionomer cement (GIC). The case was followed up for more than four years to record the clinical symptoms and imaging manifestations. Er: YAG irrigation is an efficient root canal disinfection protocol with the advantages of easy operation and minimal risk, which might be applicable to the revascularization of necrotic immature permanent teeth.

Background: Concentrated growth factor (CGF) is a promising scaffold in regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) for its abundant growth factors. However, no clinical study has evaluated the effectiveness of CGF compared with the conventional scaffold in REPs. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the success rate of CGF and blood clot (BC) as scaffolds in REPs.Methods: Immature permanent teeth diagnosed with pulp necrosis treated with REPs between 2012 and 2020 with a minimum of 6month follow-up were included. These teeth were divided into the CGF and BC groups. Treatment outcomes were assessed using a combined clinical and radiographic scoring system. Preoperative and intraoperative data included tooth type, aetiology, capping materials, and restorative materials. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis at a signi cance level of 0.05.Results: A total of 121 teeth from 107 children were included. The CGF and BC groups included 53 and 68 teeth, respectively. The total success rate was 91.74% over a mean follow-up period of 23.15 months. There was no signi cant difference between the CGF group (86.79%) and BC group (95.59%). In both groups, a high proportion of teeth were scored 2 (increased root wall thickness and/or increased root length), and there was no signi cant difference in the scores between groups. The success rate of traumatic teeth (84.31%) was signi cantly lower than that of teeth with developmental dental anomalies (98.39%).Conclusions: CGF may be a suitable alternative scaffold in REPs when adequate bleeding cannot be achieved. Moreover, compared to developmental dental anomalies, traumatic teeth treated by REPs may be more vulnerable to failure. Trial registration: Retrospectively registered. Background Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) have evolved in the past decade, being incorporated into endodontic practice and becoming a viable treatment alternative for immature teeth with pulp necrosis [1]. The procedures allow for the continuation of root development and revascularization of the root canal space [2]. REPs aim to form a pulp-dentin structure in the canal based on tissue engineering. The three elements for tissue engineering are stem cells, growth factors, and scaffolds [3].The induction of bleeding and formation of an intra-canal blood clot (BC) is a current procedure used in regenerative endodontics to provide a scaffold for pulp-dentin regeneration [4]. However, failure to induce apical bleeding or unregulated stem cell within the canal space remains a common problem because of its instability and unpredictability [5]. Autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) are blood derivatives containing activated platelets entangled within a brin matrix scaffold. APCs release growth factors and cytokines, which play essential roles in tissue regeneration [6]. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich brin (PRF), the rst and second generation of APCs, have been successfully used in the eld of regenerative endodontics...

Background: Concentrated growth factor (CGF) is a promising scaffold in regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) for its abundant growth factors. However, no clinical study has evaluated the effectiveness of CGF compared with the conventional scaffold in REPs. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the success rate of CGF and blood clot (BC) as scaffolds in REPs.Methods: Immature permanent teeth diagnosed with pulp necrosis treated with REPs between 2012 and 2020 with a minimum of 6-month follow-up were included. These teeth were divided into the CGF and BC groups. Treatment outcomes were assessed using a combined clinical and radiographic scoring system. Preoperative and intraoperative data included tooth type, aetiology, capping materials, and restorative materials. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis at a significance level of 0.05.Results: A total of 121 teeth from 107 children were included. The CGF and BC groups included 53 and 68 teeth, respectively. The total success rate was 91.74% over a mean follow-up period of 23.15 months. There was no significant difference between the CGF group (86.79%) and BC group (95.59%). In both groups, a high proportion of teeth were scored 2 (increased root wall thickness and/or increased root length), and there was no significant difference in the scores between groups. The success rate of traumatic teeth (84.31%) was significantly lower than that of teeth with developmental dental anomalies (98.39%). Conclusions: CGF may be a suitable alternative scaffold in REPs when adequate bleeding cannot be achieved. Moreover, compared to developmental dental anomalies, traumatic teeth treated by REPs may be more vulnerable to failure.Trial registration: Retrospectively registered.

IntroductionChronic heart failure (CHF) is a common disease worldwide, and imposes a substantial burden to the healthcare system. In CHF, limited exercise capacity and affected mental well-being leads to a reduced quality of life (QOL). How to improve the QOL and exercise endurance is critical for patients with CHF. Exercise therapy, such as some traditional Asian exercises (TAEs) including Taichi, Baduanjin and Yoga, plays an important role in the rehabilitation of patients with CHF. TAE is suitable for the rehabilitation of patients with CHF because of its soft movements and can relax the body and mind. Studies have shown that TAE can regulate the overall health status of the body and exercise tolerance, improve QOL and reduce rehospitalisation rate in patients with CHF. However, the difference in efficacy of TAE in patients with CHF is not yet clear. The main purpose of this study is to conduct a network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomised trials to determine the impact of TAE on patients with CHF of different types, different causes and different New York Heart Association (NYHA) heart function classifications and to provide references for different types of patients with CHF to choose appropriate exercise rehabilitation therapy.Methods and analysisThe literature search will be retrieved from PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database, Chinese biomedical literature service system (SinoMed) and Chinese Scientific Journals Database (VIP) from the date of their inception until 1 August 2021. All randomised controlled trials that evaluated the effects of three different TAE therapies (Taichi, Baduanjin and Yoga) on patients with CHF will be included. The primary outcomes are peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2), exercise capacity (6-min walking distance) and QOL tested with the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire. Secondary outcomes include the levels of N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide, left ventricular ejection fraction, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. For included articles, two reviewers will independently extract the data, and Cochrane Collaboration’s tool will be used to assess risk of bias. We will perform the Bayesian NMA to pool all treatment effects. The ranking probabilities for the optimal intervention of various treatments (Taichi, Baduanjin or Yoga) will be estimated by the mean ranks and surface under the cumulative ranking curve. Subgroup analysis for different types, different causes and different NYHA heart function classifications of CHF will be performed. We will use the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system to assess the quality of evidence contributing to each network estimate.Ethics and disseminationThe results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications. They will provide useful information to inform clinicians on the potential functions of TAE in CHF, and to provide consolidated evidence for clinical practice and further research of TAE.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020179304.

IntroductionRegular toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste is a fundamental intervention for caries prevention. Professional fluoride application (PFA) is widely considered a beneficial supplement to the routine use of fluoride toothpaste. However, some recent studies have failed to demonstrate the preventive effect of PFA. In addition, an increasing number of studies have highlighted the potential adverse effects of fluoride. However, little information exists on the effectiveness of additional PFA. The objective of this review is to systematically analyse the efficacy of PFA in addition to regular fluoride toothpaste among children under the age of 16.Method and analysisWe will search the PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases for randomised controlled trials without language or publication date restrictions. Additional studies will be identified by manually searching the reference lists of the included studies and relevant reviews. At least two authors will carry out the selection of studies independently and in duplicate. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool will be used to assess the risk of bias of the included studies. The random effects model will be used for meta-analyses. The data synthesis will be conducted using Review Manager software (RevMan V.5.3). The Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation will be used to assess the quality of supporting evidence for each major comparison.Ethics and disseminationThere is no need for ethical approval. The results of this review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and social networks.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020165270