ObjectiveTo review the literature related to diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), and investigate research hotspots and development trends of this field in the relevant studies based on CiteSpace software of text mining and visualization in scientific literature.MethodsThe relevant literature from the last 20 years was retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection database. After manual selection, each document record includes title, authors, year, organization, abstract, keywords, citation, descriptors, and identifiers. We imported the downloaded data into CiteSpace V (version 5.8.R2) to draw the knowledge map and conduct cooperative network analysis, cluster analysis, burst keyword analysis, and co-citation analysis.ResultsAfter manual screening, there were 3,547 relevant pieces of literature published in the last 18 years (from 2004 to 2021), including 2,935 articles and reviews, which contained 15,533 references, and the number was increasing year by year. The publications of DCM were dedicated by 778 authors of 512 institutions in 116 countries. The People's Republic of China dominated this field (1,117), followed by the USA (768) and Canada (176). In general, most articles were published with a focus on “oxidative stress,” “heart failure,” “diabetic cardiomyopathy,” “dysfunction,” “cardiomyopathy,” “expression,” “heart,” “mechanism,” and “insulin resistance.” Then, 10 main clusters were generated with a modularity Q of 0.6442 and a weighted mean silhouette of 0.8325 by the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) algorithm, including #0 heart failure, #1 perfused heart, #2 metabolic disease, #3 protective effect, #4 diabetic patient, #5 cardiac fibrosis, #6 vascular complication, #7 mitochondrial dynamics, #8 sarcoplasmic reticulum, and #9 zinc supplementation. The top five references with the strongest citation bursts include “Boudina and Abel”, “Jia et al.”, “Fang et al.”, “Poornima et al.”, and “Aneja et al.”.ConclusionThe global field of DCM has expanded in the last 20 years. The People's Republic of China contributes the most. However, there is little cooperation among authors and institutions. Overall, this bibliometric study identified the hotspots in DCM research, including “stress state,” “energy metabolism,” “autophagy,” “apoptosis,” “inflammation,” “fibrosis,” “PPAR,” etc. Thus, further research focuses on these topics that may be more helpful to identify, prevent DCM and improve prophylaxis strategies to bring benefit to patients in the near future.
The circadian clock refers to the intrinsic biological rhythms of physiological functions and behaviours. It synergises with the solar cycle and has profound effects on normal metabolism and organismal fitness. Recent studies have suggested that the circadian clock exerts great influence on the differentiation of stem cells. Here, we focus on the close relationship between the circadian clock and mesenchymal stem cell fate decisions in the skeletal system. The underlying mechanisms include hormone signals and the activation and repression of different transcription factors under circadian regulation. Additionally, the clock interacts with epigenetic modifiers and non-coding RNAs and is even involved in chromatin remodelling. Although the specificity and safety of circadian therapy need to be further studied, the circadian regulation of stem cells can be regarded as a promising candidate for health improvement and disease prevention.
To The Editor: Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease involving the sebaceous glands. It has an incidence of approximately 9.4%, often occurring in adolescents. [1] The disease itself and the scars left after treatment can cause psychological stress in adolescents and seriously affect patients' quality of life. [2] At present, skin care products, either alone or in combination with medical drugs, have become important means for treating acne. This single-center, single-blind (clinician-blind), masculine-paralleled, randomized study (Registration number: ChiCTR2100051398) evaluated the efficacy and safety of a cream containing octyl salicylic acid, salicylic acid, linoleic acid, nicotinamide, and piroctone olamine (Duo+, La Roche-Posay, Paris, France) alone and in combination with benzoyl peroxide (BPO, Galderma, Paris, France) for the treatment of mild-to-moderate acne. The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, China (No. 2020-13 ke). All participants provided written informed consent.
The restoration of the normal function of the tumour suppressors, such as p53, is an important strategy in tumour therapeutics. Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) inhibition by NMD inhibitor (NMDi) upregulates functional p53 isoforms, p53β and p53γ, and activates the p53 pathway. XR-2, a novel mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) inhibitor, can disrupt the interaction between p53 and MDM2, thus decreasing the MDM2-mediated degradation of p53 and increasing the p53 protein levels. However, the combined effects of these two agents have not been thoroughly explored. This study combined XR-2 and NMDi in four TP53 wild-types and four TP53-mutated cancer cell lines. The combination of these two agents achieved significant synergistic effects on TP53 wild-type cancer cell lines by transactivating p53 target genes, inducing apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest and DNA damage repair. The p53β isoform induced by NMDi enhances the transactivation ability of p53α induced by XR-2, which partially explains the mechanism of the synergistic effects of XR-2 and NMDi. This study identified a combination treatment of NMDi and XR-2 which could serve as a novel cancer therapeutic approach for MDM2-overexpressed TP53 wild-type cancers and delineated a future therapy based on the further reactivation of p53.
ObjectivesThe human oral microbiota is one of the most complex bacterial communities in the human body. However, how newborns initially acquire these bacteria remains largely unknown. In this study, we examined the dynamics of oral microbial communities in healthy infants and investigated the influence of the maternal oral microbiota on the acquisition of the infant's oral microbiota. We hypothesized that the infant oral microbial diversity increases with age.MethodsOne hundred and sixteen whole-salivary samples were collected from 32 healthy infants and their biological mothers during postpartum and 9- and 15-month well-infant visits. Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted and sequenced by Human Oral Microbe Identification using Next Generation Sequencing (HOMINGS) methods. The Shannon index was used to measure the microbial diversity of the infant-mother dyads (alpha diversity). The microbial diversity between the mother-infant dyads (beta-diversity) was calculated using the weighted non-phylogenetic Bray-Curtis distance in QIIME 1.9.1. Core microbiome analysis was performed using MicrobiomeAnalyst software. Linear discriminant analysis coupled with effect size analysis was used to identify differentially abundant features between mother and infant dyads.ResultsA total of 6,870,571 16S rRNA reads were generated from paired mother–infant saliva samples. Overall, oral microbial profiles significantly differed between the mother and infant groups (p < 0.001). The diversity of the salivary microbiomes in the infants increased in an age-dependent manner, whereas the core microbiome of the mothers remained relatively stable during the study period. Breastfeeding and gender did not affect the microbial diversity in infants. Moreover, infants had a greater relative abundance of Firmicutes and a lower abundance of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and Proteobacteria than their mothers. The SparCC correlation analysis demonstrated constant changes in infants' oral microbial community network (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThis study provides new evidence that the oral cavities of infants are colonized by a distinct group of bacterial species at birth. The acquisition and diversity of changes in oral microbial composition are dynamic during the first year of an infant's life. Before reaching the second birthday, the composition of the oral microbial community could be more similar to that of their biological mothers.
The synthesis and release of LH and FSH in the pituitary of vertebrates are differentially regulated during gonadal development and maturation. However, the underlying neuroendocrine mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. The present study examined the possible involvement of isotocin (Ist), an oxytocin-like neuropeptide, in the regulation of Lh and Fsh in a teleost, the ricefield eel Monopterus albus. The immunoreactive isotocin receptor 2 (Istr2) was shown to be localized to Lh but not Fsh cells. In contrast, immunoreactive isotocin receptor 1 (Istr1) was not observed in either Lh or Fsh cells in the pituitary. Interestingly, Lh cells in female ricefield eels expressed Istr2 and secreted Lh in response to Ist challenge stage-dependently and in correlation with ovarian vitellogenesis. Moreover, Ist decreased Lh contents in the pituitary of female fish, indicating its stimulatory roles on Lh release in vivo. The induction of Lh release by Ist in dispersed pituitary cells was blocked by a PLC or IP3R inhibitor but not by a PKA or PKC inhibitor, indicating the involvement of the IP3/Ca2+ pathway. Collectively, the above results indicate that isotocin may bind to Istr2 to stimulte Lh release via the IP3/Ca2+ pathway, and play important roles in the ovarian maturation in ricefield eels. Furthermore, the present study suggests a novel neuroendocrine mecahnism underlying the differential regulation of Lh and Fsh in vertebrates.
In recent years, the protection and management of water environments have garnered heightened attention due to their critical importance. Detection of small objects in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images remains a persistent challenge due to the limited pixel values and interference from background noise. To address this challenge, this paper proposes an integrated object detection approach that utilizes an improved YOLOv5 model for real-time detection of small water surface floaters. The proposed improved YOLOv5 model effectively detects small objects by better integrating shallow and deep features and addressing the issue of missed detections and, therefore, aligns with the characteristics of the water surface floater dataset. Our proposed model has demonstrated significant improvements in detecting small water surface floaters when compared to previous studies. Specifically, the average precision (AP), recall (R), and frames per second (FPS) of our model achieved 86.3%, 79.4%, and 92%, respectively. Furthermore, when compared to the original YOLOv5 model, our model exhibits a notable increase in both AP and R, with improvements of 5% and 6.1%, respectively. As such, the proposed improved YOLOv5 model is well-suited for the real-time detection of small objects on the water’s surface. Therefore, this method will be essential for large-scale, high-precision, and intelligent water surface floater monitoring.
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of single‐stranded closed RNAs that are produced by the back splicing of precursor mRNAs. The formation of circRNAs mainly involves intron‐pairing‐driven circularization, RNA‐binding protein (RBP)‐driven circularization, and lariat‐driven circularization. The vast majority of circRNAs are found in the cytoplasm, and some intron‐containing circRNAs are localized in the nucleus. CircRNAs have been found to function as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, interact with RBPs and translate proteins, and play an important regulatory role in the development and progression of cancer. CircRNAs exhibit tissue‐ and developmental stage–specific expression and are stable, with longer half‐lives than linear RNAs. CircRNAs have great potential as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, which is highlighted by their detectability in tissues, especially in fluid biopsy samples such as plasma, saliva, and urine. Here, we review the current studies on the properties and functions of circRNAs and their clinical application value.
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