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Background The COVID‐19 pandemic posed a great challenge to paediatric dentistry, which confronted with the restriction of service and resource shortage. Aim To retrospectively analyse the information of children's dental online health consultation during the COVID‐19 pandemic in China, and to provide methods to distinguish between dental emergencies and non‐emergencies as well as their management. Design We collected all the online consultation information in Dept. of Paediatric dentistry, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, from 2 February to 31 March 2020, and extracted the information of age, gender, reason for consultation, description of symptom, and preliminary diagnosis of the children. Results A total of 474 online consultations of paediatric dentistry were included within 59 days during lockdown, and 190 (40.1%) were dental emergencies and 284 (59.9%) non‐emergencies. Of 190 emergency consultations, 186 (97.9%) showed swelling, pain, and trauma with or without systemic symptoms. Among 284 non‐emergency consultations, retained primary teeth (n = 126) and orthodontic consultation (n = 53) were the most common reasons for consultation. Conclusion The paediatric emergency and non‐emergency problems should be clearly distinguished and sufficient instructions provided in the special period of COVID‐19. Priorities also should be set to deal with urgent conditions after the release of lockdown.

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Background: Concentrated growth factor (CGF) is a promising scaffold in regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) for its abundant growth factors. However, no clinical study has evaluated the effectiveness of CGF compared with the conventional scaffold in REPs. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the success rate of CGF and blood clot (BC) as scaffolds in REPs.Methods: Immature permanent teeth diagnosed with pulp necrosis treated with REPs between 2012 and 2020 with a minimum of 6month follow-up were included. These teeth were divided into the CGF and BC groups. Treatment outcomes were assessed using a combined clinical and radiographic scoring system. Preoperative and intraoperative data included tooth type, aetiology, capping materials, and restorative materials. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis at a signi cance level of 0.05.Results: A total of 121 teeth from 107 children were included. The CGF and BC groups included 53 and 68 teeth, respectively. The total success rate was 91.74% over a mean follow-up period of 23.15 months. There was no signi cant difference between the CGF group (86.79%) and BC group (95.59%). In both groups, a high proportion of teeth were scored 2 (increased root wall thickness and/or increased root length), and there was no signi cant difference in the scores between groups. The success rate of traumatic teeth (84.31%) was signi cantly lower than that of teeth with developmental dental anomalies (98.39%).Conclusions: CGF may be a suitable alternative scaffold in REPs when adequate bleeding cannot be achieved. Moreover, compared to developmental dental anomalies, traumatic teeth treated by REPs may be more vulnerable to failure. Trial registration: Retrospectively registered. Background Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) have evolved in the past decade, being incorporated into endodontic practice and becoming a viable treatment alternative for immature teeth with pulp necrosis [1]. The procedures allow for the continuation of root development and revascularization of the root canal space [2]. REPs aim to form a pulp-dentin structure in the canal based on tissue engineering. The three elements for tissue engineering are stem cells, growth factors, and scaffolds [3].The induction of bleeding and formation of an intra-canal blood clot (BC) is a current procedure used in regenerative endodontics to provide a scaffold for pulp-dentin regeneration [4]. However, failure to induce apical bleeding or unregulated stem cell within the canal space remains a common problem because of its instability and unpredictability [5]. Autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) are blood derivatives containing activated platelets entangled within a brin matrix scaffold. APCs release growth factors and cytokines, which play essential roles in tissue regeneration [6]. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich brin (PRF), the rst and second generation of APCs, have been successfully used in the eld of regenerative endodontics...

Background: Concentrated growth factor (CGF) is a promising scaffold in regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) for its abundant growth factors. However, no clinical study has evaluated the effectiveness of CGF compared with the conventional scaffold in REPs. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the success rate of CGF and blood clot (BC) as scaffolds in REPs.Methods: Immature permanent teeth diagnosed with pulp necrosis treated with REPs between 2012 and 2020 with a minimum of 6-month follow-up were included. These teeth were divided into the CGF and BC groups. Treatment outcomes were assessed using a combined clinical and radiographic scoring system. Preoperative and intraoperative data included tooth type, aetiology, capping materials, and restorative materials. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis at a significance level of 0.05.Results: A total of 121 teeth from 107 children were included. The CGF and BC groups included 53 and 68 teeth, respectively. The total success rate was 91.74% over a mean follow-up period of 23.15 months. There was no significant difference between the CGF group (86.79%) and BC group (95.59%). In both groups, a high proportion of teeth were scored 2 (increased root wall thickness and/or increased root length), and there was no significant difference in the scores between groups. The success rate of traumatic teeth (84.31%) was significantly lower than that of teeth with developmental dental anomalies (98.39%). Conclusions: CGF may be a suitable alternative scaffold in REPs when adequate bleeding cannot be achieved. Moreover, compared to developmental dental anomalies, traumatic teeth treated by REPs may be more vulnerable to failure.Trial registration: Retrospectively registered.

BackgroundFew studies have compared the outcomes of regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) and calcium hydroxide apexification focusing on necrotic teeth with dens evaginatus.AimTo qualitatively and quantitatively compare the treatment outcomes of REPs and calcium hydroxide apexification in teeth with dens evaginatus.DesignImmature permanent necrotic evaginated teeth treated with REPs or calcium hydroxide apexification for a follow‐up period of at least 12 months were included. Tooth success and survival rates were analyzed. Changes in radiographic root length, apical diameter, and radiographic root area (RRA) were quantified. Prognostic factors that might influence RRA were identified via multivariate linear regression analysis.ResultsA total of 112 teeth (50 REP cases and 62 apexification cases) with a median follow‐up period of 26.5 months were included. Regenerative endodontic procedures and calcium hydroxide apexification exhibited similar satisfactory success and survival rates (p > .05). Additionally, 88 teeth were quantitatively analyzed. The REP group presented a significantly greater percentage increase in RRA and less decrease in apical diameter than the calcium hydroxide apexification group (p < .05). Teeth treated with REPs and with Stages 7 and 8 of root development showed a better gain in RRA (p < .05).ConclusionWhile REP and calcium hydroxide apexification had similar success and survival rates, teeth with REPs showed an increase in RRA, indicating that REP is the preferred choice.