Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of long, non-coding RNAs molecules that shape a covalently closed continuous loop which have no 5'-3' polarity and contain no polyA tail. CircRNAs also possess relatively jarless framework and are highly tissue-specific expressed in the eukaryotic transcriptome. Emerging evidences have discovered that thousands of endogenous circRNAs are present in mammalian cells and they mediate gene expression at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level by binding to microRNAs or other molecules and then inhibit their function. Similarly, increasing evidence indicates that circRNAs may play a role in the development of several types of diseases, including atherosclerotic vascular disease risk, neurological disorders, prion diseases, osteoarthritis and diabetes. Furthermore, circRNAs exhibit aberrant expression in multiform types of cancer, including colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. And based on the function of circRNAs in cancer, we believe that circRNAs may serve as diagnostic or tumor promising biomarkers. Moreover, it will provide a new therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer.
MicroRNAs (miRs) are short and highly conserved non-coding RNAs molecules consisting of 18-25 nucleotides that regulate gene expression at post-transcriptional level by direct binding to complementary binding sites within the 3'untranslated region (3'UTR) of target mRNAs. New evidences have demonstrated that miRNAs play an important role in diverse physiological processes, including regulating cell growth, apoptosis, metastasis, drug resistance, and invasion. In chromosomes 11 and 22 of the miR-130 family, paralogous miRNA sequences, miR-130a and miR-130b are situated, respectively. MiR-130a has participated in different pathogenesis, including hepatocellular carcinoma, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, glioblastoma, prostate carcinoma, leukemia, etc. Most important of all, more and more evidences indicate that miR-130a is associated with drug resistance and acts as an intermediate in PI3 K/Akt/PTEN/mTOR, Wnt/β-catenin and NF-kB/PTEN drug resistance signaling pathways. Drug resistance has emerged as a major obstacle to successful treatment of cancer nowadays and in this review, we will reveal the function of miR-130a in cancer, especially in drug resistance. Therefore, it will provide a new therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer, especially in chemotherapy.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were reported to be associated with cancer progression and carcinogenesis. MiRNAs are small, highly conserved, small non-coding RNA molecules, consisting of 18-25 nucleotides that control gene expression at the post-transcription level. By binding to complementary binding sites within the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), inhibiting translation or promoting degradation of mRNAs. MicroRNAs not only play an important part in regulating gene expression but also controlling diverse physiological and pathological processes. Similarly, several studies have demonstrated that miRNAs have been involved in regulating various biological processes, including apoptosis, proliferation, cellular differentiation, metabolism, signal transduction, and carcinogenesis. MiRNA-139, which is located in 11q13.4 and has anti-oncogenic and antimetastatic activity in humans, meanwhile, was identified to be downregulated in previous studies. However, based on the pathogenetic relationship between cancer and the role of miR-139-5p in tumorigenesis, we consider that miR-139-5p may be the candidates to serve as promising biomarkers with sufficient sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of cancer in a clinical setting; moreover, it would offer a new safe and effective way in further molecular targeting cancer treatment, as well as improving overall survival of patients.
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