There is increasing evidence that heavy ethanol exposure in early life may produce long-lasting neurobehavioral consequences, since brain structural maturation continues until adolescence. It is well established that females are more susceptible to alcohol-induced neurotoxicity and that ethanol consumption is increasing among women, especially during adolescence. In the present study, we investigated whether chronic ethanol exposure during adolescence through early adulthood in female rats may induce hippocampal histological damage and neurobehavioral impairments. Female rats were treated with distilled water or ethanol (6.5 g/kg/day, 22.5% w/v) by gavage from the 35(th)-90(th) day of life. Ethanol-exposed animals displayed reduced exploration of the central area and increased number of fecal boluses in the open field test indicative of anxiogenic responses. Moreover, chronic high ethanol exposure during adolescence induced marked impairments on short-term memory of female rats addressed on social recognition and step-down inhibitory avoidance tasks. These neurobehavioral deficits induced by ethanol exposure during adolescence through early adulthood were accompanied by the reduction of hippocampal formation volume as well as the loss of neurons, astrocytes and microglia cells in the hippocampus. These results indicate that chronic high ethanol exposure during adolescence through early adulthood in female rats induces long-lasting emotional and memory deficits associated with morphological and molecular alterations in the hippocampus.

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar regiões pluviometricamente homogêneas de precipitação no Estado do Pará, classificando os locais mais similares, com base em uma série de observações pluviométricas mensais. A distribuição da precipitação sobre o estado é caracterizada pela alta variabilidade espacial e temporal, predominantemente do tipo convectivas. Neste estudo foram utilizadas médias mensais de precipitação de 66 estações meteorológicas, no período de 1982 a 2011, obtidas na rede hidrometeorológica da Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA). A delimitação das regiões pluviometricamente homogêneas foi feita através da aplicação da análise de agrupamento hierárquica. Esta análise mostrou que o Pará pode ser dividido, quanto à precipitação, em três regiões pluviometricamente homogêneas distribuídas em faixas zonais de sul para o norte. Quanto à sazonalidade nas regiões definidas, foi observada que a região 1 (R1) destacou-se pela elevada precipitação mensal, em fevereiro, março e abril, sendo a área de maior pluviosidade do Estado. Os resultados mostram a relação das zonas homogêneas com a marcha sazonal do cavado tropical, indicando que o principal sistema convectivo que regula as chuvas do Estado do Pará é a  Zona de Convergência Intertropical (ZCIT).

Objectives:To evaluate in vitro the endogenous pH, titratable acidity and total soluble solid content (TSSC) of mouthwashes available in the Brazilian market.Methods:The study sample was composed of 10 commercial brands of mouthwashes based on different active ingredients: Cepacol®, Clinerize®, Equate®, Listerine Cool Citrus®, Oral-B®, Periogard®, Peroxyl®, Plax Overnight®, Prevident 220® and Sanifill®. The experiments were performed in triplicate. The endogenous pH was evaluated by potentiometry, titratable acidity was evaluated by the addition of 0.1N KOH increments to the mouthwashes, and TSSC readings were performed by Brix refractometry using the Abbé refractometer.Results:pH values ranged from 3.56 (Peroxyl®) to 7.43 (Cepacol®) and three mouthwashes presented pHs below 5.5. The titratable acidity values ranged from 0.007 (Periograd®) to 0.530 (Prevident®). Oral B® and Clinerize® presented the lowest (4.7%) and the highest (23.70%) TSSC, respectively.Conclusions:Some of the mouthwashes evaluated in this study presented low endogenous pH, even below the critical value for enamel dissolution (pH<5.5), high titratable acidity and high TSSC, and may be potentially erosive to the dental tissues if not properly used.

Actinomyces meyeri is a rare pathogen and an infrequent cause of human actinomycosis. Less than ten cases were reported in the English-literature to date concerning A. meyeri empyema. We herein report a case to promote the awareness and adequate management of the disease.A 44-year-old immunocompetent male with known pulmonary disease was diagnosed with an A. meyeri empyema. He underwent chest tube drainage and a short-term treatment with clindamycin for 4 months.This is the first report of a patient with structural pulmonary disease with an A. meyeri empyema treated with 4-month of clindamycin and chest tube drainage. In comparison to previous reports, our case was diagnosed early, empyema was effectively drained with one chest tube and symptoms and radiological findings were rapidly improved. Short-term antibiotic treatment can be well succeeded if an early diagnosis is made, there is no evidence of dissemination and adequate management is promptly instituted.

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Resumo A presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida em uma pequena bacia hidrográfica da Amazônia, a bacia do igarapé da Prata (BHP) localizada no município de Capitão Poço -PA, e objetivou mapear e avaliar os diferentes usos e ocupações do

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O acesso aos serviços de saneamento básico tem causado preocupação, principalmente nos estados das regiões Norte e Nordeste e, mais especificamente em municípios com orçamento limitado, de pequeno porte e distante das capitais, onde abrigam populações em situações de vulnerabilidade social. Neste contexto, objetivou-se analisar a situação de alguns serviços do saneamento ambiental e do índice de desenvolvimento humano municipal dos municípios da mesorregião geográfica do Marajó, estado do Pará. Para tanto, foi levantado algumas informações por meio de dados secundários dos municípios que compõe a mesorregião em estudo, com ênfase em alguns serviços de saneamento e do IDHM. Os resultados demonstraram que o índice de atendimento do serviço de coleta de esgoto doméstico deixa extremamente a desejar, em particular com relação à coleta e ao tratamento do esgoto sanitário. Quanto à forma de destinação dos resíduos sólidos, verificou-se que alguns municípios ainda adotam uma maneira inapropriada, depositando-os em lixões a céu aberto. A disponibilidade de informações nessas bases de dados dos órgãos e entidades é fundamental para auxiliar na determinação de prioridades nas ações do poder público e da sociedade civil em relação aos serviços de saneamento. Spatialization of service coverage of sanitation basic and of human development index of municipalities the Marajó, Pará Abstract: The Access to basic sanitation services has caused concern, particularly in the states of North and Northeast regions, and more specifically in municipalities with limited budget, of small size and distant from the capital, where they are located populations in vulnerable social situations. In this context, the aim of this research was to analyze the situation of some services of environmental sanitation and the index of development human municipal of municipalities the mesoregion of Marajó, state of Pará. For that was lifted up some information through secondary data of the municipalities that make up the region under study, with an emphasis on some sanitation and IDHM services. The results showed that the coverage rate of the sewage collection serviceleaves extremely to be desired, particularly regarding the collection and treatment of sewage. How much the destination of solid waste, it was found that some municipalities adopt an inappropriate manner, depositing them in open dumps. The availability of information in the databases of agencies and entities is critical to assist in determining priorities in the actions of government and civil society in relation to sanitation services.