The distributions of HLA allele and haplotype are variable in different ethnic populations and the data for some populations have been published. However, the data on HLA-C and HLA-DQB1 loci and the haplotype of HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 loci at a high-resolution level are limited in Zhejiang Han population, China. In this study, the frequencies of the HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 loci and haplotypes were analysed among 3,548 volunteers from the Zhejiang Han population using polymerase chain reaction sequencing-based typing method. Totals of 51 HLA-A, 97 HLA-B, 45 HLA-C, 53 HLA-DRB1 and 27 HLA-DQB1 alleles were observed.The top three frequent alleles of HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 loci were Ahaplotypes with a frequency of ≥0.1% were found and the haplotypes with frequency greater than 3% were Ahood ratios test for the linkage disequilibrium of two loci haplotypes was revealed that the majority of the pairwise associations were statistically significant. The data presented in this study will be useful for searching unrelated HLA-matched donor, planning donor registry and for anthropology studies in China. K E Y W O R D Sallele frequency, human leucocyte antigen, polymerase chain reaction sequencing-based typing

s Ca 3 M 2 Ge 3 O 12 :Mn 2+ ,Mn 4+ (M = Al, Ga) with sufficient red light component were developed, and their lattice occupancy and luminescent properties of different color centers have been studied. In Ca 3 M 2 Ge 3 O 12 :Mn, the abnormal self-reduction of Mn 4+ to Mn 2+ occurs. The doped manganese ion (using MnO 2 as Mn source) occupies dodecahedron Ca 2+ site forming Mn 2+ (I) color center with orange emission, while it occupies octahedral Al 3+ /Ga 3+ site forming Mn 2+ (II) and Mn 4+ color centers with red and deep red light emission. The thermal quenching properties show that Ca 3 M 2 Ge 3 O 12 :Mn (M = Al, Ga) samples have low thermal quenching, and the thermal quenching of Mn 2+ (I) is lower than that of Mn 2+ (II) due to existence of more defects nearby the Mn 2+ (II) providing additional nonradiative recombination decay path. Ca 3 Al 2 Ge 3 O 12 :Mn has a lower thermal quenching than Ca 3 Ga 2 Ge 3 O 12 :Mn because the former possesses higher rigidity. The obtained results reveal that Ca 3 M 2 Ge 3 O 12 :Mn 2+ ,Mn 4+ (M = Al, Ga) has potential practical value in WLEDs. Moreover, the luminescence of Mn 2+ and Mn 4+ ions in a matrix provides a new strategy for designing and synthesizing new luminescent materials.

The distributions of HLA allele and haplotype are various in the populations. Currently, the data for HLA alleles and haplotypes at three fields resolution level in Chinese Han population is rare. Here, the HLA alleles and haplotypes of the 1734 cord blood samples from Zhejiang Han population, China were reported at three fields resolution. All samples were randomly collected from the Zhejiang Cord Blood Bank, China. HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DQB1, -DRB3/4/5 loci was genotyped using next generation sequencing method. The genotypes of the samples were assigned using the HLA TypeStream Visual Software version 1.2.0. The frequency of alleles, haplotype estimation and linkage disequilibrium analysis were performed with the Arlequin software 3.5.2.2. It was found that the top three frequent alleles of HLA-

Dual-emitting and thermochromic manganese ion single doped ZnGa 2−y Al y O 4 phosphors were prepared by solid-state reaction. The regulation of the valence state and the luminescent properties, especially the luminescent thermal stability of manganese ions in ZnGa 2−y Al y O 4 , are discussed in detail. When excited by ultraviolet (UV) light, the emission spectra of ZnGa 2 O 4 :Mn 2+ ,Mn 4+ present an ultranarrow green emission band at 503 nm with a fwhm of 22 nm, which derives from the Mn 2+ ions formed by the self-reduction of doped Mn 4+ , and a red emission band of the Mn 4+ ions at 669 nm. In addition, a ZnGa 2−y Al y O 4 :Mn 2+ ,Mn 4+ solid solution was designed and synthesized by Al 3+ replacing Ga 3+ . The doping of Al 3+ effectively inhibited the degree of Mn 4+ self-reduction to Mn 2+ , thus realizing the regulation of valence state of manganese ions. Interestingly, the thermal stability of luminescence shows that the response of Mn 2+ and Mn 4+ to temperature is obviously different in ZnGa 2−y Al y O 4 , implying the potential of the prepared phosphors as optical thermometers. Subsequently, three kinds of optical thermometers with superior color discrimination and high relative sensitivity (S r ) based on the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) technique were realized in 100−475 K. The S r value of ZGO:0.005Mn/ZGA 0.5 O:0.005Mn/ZGAO:0.005Mn phosphors can be as high as 4.345%/4.001%/3.488% K −1 (at 350/325/400 K), reflecting the great potential of ZnGa 2 O 4 :Mn 2+ ,Mn 4+ for optical thermometry applications.

The distribution of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) allele and haplotype is varied among different ethnic populations. In this study, HLA-A, -B and -DRB1 allele and haplotype frequencies were determined in 8333 volunteer bone marrow donors of Zhejiang Han population using the polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing. A total of 52 HLA-A, 96 HLA-B and 61 HLA-DRB1 alleles were found. Of these, the top three frequent alleles in HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DRB1 loci, respectively, were A*11:01 (24.53%), A*24:02 (17.35%), A*02:01 (11.58%); B*40:01 (15.67%), B*46:01 (11.87%), B*58:01 (9.05%); DRB1*09:01 (17.54%),DRB1*12:02 (9.64%) and DRB1*08:03 (8.65%). A total of 171 A-B-DRB1 haplotypes with a frequency of >0.1% were presented and the five most common haplotypes were A*33:03-B*58:01- DRB1*03:01, A*02:07-B*46:01-DRB1*09:01, A*30:01-B*13:02-DRB1*07:01, A*33:03-B*58:01-RB1*13:02 and A*11:01-B*15:02-DRB1*12:02. The information will be useful for selecting unrelated bone marrow donors and for anthropology studies and pharmacogenomics analysis.

The chemical unit was engineered by substituting Ga3+ for Al3+ in CaAl12O19:Mn4+.

Herein, a novel multifunctional nanoplatform was designed toward multimodality imaging and photothermal therapy (PTT). It was found that Bi nanoparticles could grow in situ on the surface of NaYF 4 :20%Yb,2%Er@NaYF 4 :40%Yb@NaGdF 4 core−shell nanoparticles (labeled as UCNPs). In this structure, UCNPs were mainly employed as an upconversion luminescence (UCL) imaging agent, whereas the Bi nanoparticles worked as an effective CT imaging and photothermal agent. Importantly, a dense SiO 2 shell was employed to protect the Bi nanoparticles from oxidation, and it also endowed the nanoplatform with excellent hydrophilic ability. The effective UCL/ CT imaging and PTT performances were emphasized by a series of in vivo experiments, which suggest that the integrated nanoplatform with imaging and therapy functions shows great promise in the biomedical field.

Gd 3 Ga 5−x−δ Al x−y+δ O 12 :yMn solid solutions with improving luminescence properties were prepared via cation substitution and a controllable Mn valence state. The abnormal autoreduction from Mn 4+ to Mn 2+ ions was observed during the formation of Gd 3 Ga 5−x−δ Al x−y+δ O 12 :yMn. The doped manganese ions occupy octahedral Ga 3+ (1) and Al 3+ (1) sites to form the Mn 2+ luminescent center with red emission at 630 nm and Mn 4+ luminescent centers with deep red light emission at 698 nm, respectively, matching well with the red light absorption of phytochrome (P R ) and the farred light absorption of phytochrome (P FR ). With the design of the concentration of Al 3+ and doped manganese ions, the photoluminescence (PL) of Mn 4+ /Mn 2+ (corresponding to P FR /P R ) can be tuned, which is very useful for controlling the plant growth. Moreover, the PL intensity of Gd 3 Ga 5−x−δ Al x−y+δ O 12 :yMn can be increased by 6.8 times by substituting Al 3+ for Ga 3+ . The thermal stability is also enhanced significantly. Finally, a series of warm white-light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) with good performance were fabricated using the as-prepared Gd 3 Ga 5−x−δ Al x−0.012+δ O 12 :0.012Mn phosphor. The results show that the designed Gd 3 Ga 5−x−δ Al x−y+δ O 12 :yMn phosphors have potential practical values in plant-growth light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and high-performance WLEDs. Moreover, our strategy not only provides a unique inspiration for tuning the valence states of Mn but also designs new advanced luminescent materials.