Feeds prepared from perennial grasses are of the greatest value for animal husbandry. They are well absorbed, as they contain all the necessary nutrients in ratios that best meet the zootechnical requirements. In addition, the absence of annual costs for tillage and sowing, as well as the ability of perennial grasses to form 3 mowing with irrigation and 2 without irrigation, allow you to get feed at the lowest cost. Most importantly, perennial herbs have a unique ability to increase soil fertility and improve its structural composition, which is an invaluable advantage in conditions of exorbitant high cost and shortage of fertilizers. In this regard, it is necessary to revise the structure of the acreage of fodder crops in the direction of increasing the area of perennial grasses to 25% of arable land against 15-18% at present (0.8-0.9 hectares per 1 conditional head of cattle). Taking into account the above, this article presents the generalized results of field experiments on the study of the cenotic activity and nutritional value of goat agrocenoses in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan. The application of calculated norms of flour mixtures for planned yields of 300, 350, 400 c/ha of green mass proportionally increases the productivity of research objects: single-species crops of Eastern goat from 203 c/ha on control to 307 c/ha on the last version of the experiment (planned yield of 400 c/ha of green mass); goat-clover herbage from 244 c/ha under control up to 348 c/ha; bean-bluegrass meadows from 250 c/ha under control up to 354 c/ha. However, the highest payback of kg of NPK by both green mass and dry matter is provided when applying calculated fertilizer rates for the planned yield of 350 c/ha of biomass.
This paper presents the ideas of the authors, confirmed by the results of a stationary field experiment on the possibility of widespread use of modern biological products of insecticidal action in the system of protection of the main oilseed crop of the Republic of Tatarstan namely spring rapeseed from such most harmful objects as cruciferous flea, cabbage moth, rape sawfly, flower beetle, secretive proboscis etc. The stationary field experiments were carried out on the basis of the agrarian biological technological park of Kazan State Agrarian University. The laboratory analyzes were carried out at the center of agroecological research of the agronomic faculty. The soils of the experimental site were gray forest, with the following agrochemical indicators: the content of humus according to Tyurin was 3.0%, mobile phosphorus was high (160 mg / kg) and exchangeable potassium was increased (145 mg/kg according to Kirsanov). The objects of research were the crops of spring rape of the Ruyan variety named after V.S. Pustovoyta, biological preparations Nodix Premium, Nodix Insectobact and Nodix Biofungicide. The importance of these studies is explained by the fact that in recent years, the number and resistance of pests of spring rape to chemical insecticides has increased and, accordingly, the chemical load on the environment has also increased. In this regard, the study of promising insecticides of biological origin on spring rape is an urgent task. During the research, it was found that the pre-sowing treatment of seeds with Insectobact (1 l / t of seeds) in combination with a nutrient solution Nodix Premium (0.3 l / t) in terms of the effectiveness of suppressing cruciferous flea bees is equivalent to dressing the seed with a chemical dressing agent Cruiser Rape (15 l / t). t). Moreover, a significant reduction in the chemical load on the environment ensures the use of the same biological products against other pests during the growing season of plants.
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