Theoretical Foundations of Cultivation of Single-Species and Mixed Crops of the Eastern Goat, Taking Into Account the Optimization of Mineral Nutrition

Abstract

Feeds prepared from perennial grasses are of the greatest value for animal husbandry. They are well absorbed, as they contain all the necessary nutrients in ratios that best meet the zootechnical requirements. In addition, the absence of annual costs for tillage and sowing, as well as the ability of perennial grasses to form 3 mowing with irrigation and 2 without irrigation, allow you to get feed at the lowest cost. Most importantly, perennial herbs have a unique ability to increase soil fertility and improve its structural composition, which is an invaluable advantage in conditions of exorbitant high cost and shortage of fertilizers. In this regard, it is necessary to revise the structure of the acreage of fodder crops in the direction of increasing the area of perennial grasses to 25% of arable land against 15-18% at present (0.8-0.9 hectares per 1 conditional head of cattle). Taking into account the above, this article presents the generalized results of field experiments on the study of the cenotic activity and nutritional value of goat agrocenoses in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan. The application of calculated norms of flour mixtures for planned yields of 300, 350, 400 c/ha of green mass proportionally increases the productivity of research objects: single-species crops of Eastern goat from 203 c/ha on control to 307 c/ha on the last version of the experiment (planned yield of 400 c/ha of green mass); goat-clover herbage from 244 c/ha under control up to 348 c/ha; bean-bluegrass meadows from 250 c/ha under control up to 354 c/ha. However, the highest payback of kg of NPK by both green mass and dry matter is provided when applying calculated fertilizer rates for the planned yield of 350 c/ha of biomass.