The yields of modern intensive varieties of buckwheat in arid regions are highly susceptible to adverse hydrothermal growing conditions. The selection of optimal compositions and technologies for using modern agrochemicals that provide an adaptogenic effect and a favourable vegetation regime of plants can be an effective way to stabilize the grain production of this warm-loving but the drought-resistant crop. Scientists have poorly studied these issues and the issues of efficient use of mineral nutrition resources in buckwheat. They studied the responsiveness of buckwheat varieties, that differ in the morphological and biological characteristics of plants, to the foliar application by Yara concentrated complex water-soluble fertilizers containing macroand microelements.The data obtained indicate the presence of varietal specificity, which manifests itself to varying degrees of plant responsiveness to foliar application in the formation of leaf area, grain yield and quality indicators of the crop. The authors made conclusions about the preferred dates for foliar application with the studied Yara complex micronutrient fertilizers. When the foliar application of microelements in the phase of the beginning of grain formation, the K-850 cultivar had the highest yield and the best quality parameters of grains. For the K-899 cultivar, the application in the russeting phase was most effective for grains and affected the best plumpness of the grains. The more powerful morphological potential of Batyr plants was not realized by an adequate increase in yield for the performed feeding. The authors observed a slight tendency to decrease the crude protein content in grains during the foliar application which is probably due to the inverse correlation of this trait with the formation rate of the organic mass of plants.
The research was carried out in order to study the effect of top dressing with liquid fertilizers on mineral nutrition, yield and quality of seeds of winter wheat of Kazanskaya 560 varietiy in seed crops. The work was carried out in 2017–2020 in Kama zone of the Republic of Tatarstan on gray forest soil, characterized by a very low supply of molybdenum, low - zinc, high - copper and manganese, very high - boron. Liquid fertilizers of the Metallocene series containing macro- and microelements were studied. Top dressing was carried out in three terms: the first - in the autumn period with manganese-containing fertilizer Metallocene D with a norm of 1.0 l/ha, the second - during the spring regrowth, the third - in the heading phase with fertilizers with copper (grade A), zinc (grade B), molybdenum and boron (grade C) at rates of 1.0 l/ha. The consumption of working fluid during spraying is 200 l/ha. In 2018 and 2019 dry conditions were noted, in 2020 - favorable for winter wheat. Double foliar application with zinc fertilizer increased the yield by 0.18 t/ha, boron and molybdenum - by 0.16 t/ha. Autumn top dressing with manganese increased the grain harvest by 0.67 t/ha, and against its background with molybdenum-boron fertilizer - by another 0.15 t/ha. Foliar feeding led to an increase in the content and removal of phosphorus from 1 ton of winter wheat seeds. Microfertilizers increased the laboratory germination of seeds of a new crop by 3.1...5.4%, and also reduced their infection with phytopathogenic micromycetes by 1.2...23.0 times. The minimal infection of the seeds of a new crop with fungi causing root rot in the experiment was noted when using the copper-containing fertilizer Metallocene against the background of the autumn application of manganese. The most cost-effective on seed crops of winter wheat were double foliar feeding with molybdenum and boron in combination with the autumn application of manganese (profitability - 71%, against 39% in control).
The team of Russian scientists has developed a new technology of pulp production from herbaceous vegetation, which can significantly reduce the negative impact of pulp and paper industry on the environment and become a very significant support for the development of agriculture. Laboratory-model and field experiments were carried out under conditions of grey forest soil. 2–12 l/m2 single application of boring liquor increased the productivity of tested crops within two years, while higher doses (16–48 l/m2) showed a reliable decrease in the yield of both crops, however, in the second year the negative impact of increased doses significantly decreased.
This article presents the results of studies of corn hybrids of a universal direction. Their responsiveness to the application of mineral fertilizers, incrustation of seeds with biological preparations, and foliar fertilizing with zinc-containing preparations is shown. NK background at 60 t/ha + foliar application of Zn ensures maximum grain yield and better disclosure of the grain potential of hybrids of universal use (61.3 c/ha for the Nur hybrid, 67.41 c/ha for the Bilyar-160, 77, 39 c/ha for the Voronezhsky-279 hybrid). Early ripe hybrids in the conditions of the Fore- Kama region of the Republic of Tatarstan form stable grain yields due to lower pre-harvest moisture. Mid-early hybrids of universal use respond well to the application of mineral fertilizers and foliar feeding with zinc-containing preparations, providing high grain yields.
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