This study investigated the effects of royal jelly (RJ) on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. Twenty adult female Wistar albino rats were divided into four treatment groups of 5 animals each, including a control group (Group I); Group II was treated orally with RJ (150 mg kg−1 body weight); Group III had acetic acid-induced colitis; and Group IV had acetic acid-induced colitis treated orally with RJ (150 mg kg−1 body weight) for 4 weeks. Colitis was induced by intracolonic instillation of 4% acetic acid; the control group received physiological saline (10 mL kg−1). Colon samples were obtained under deep anaesthesia from animals in all groups. Tissues were fixed in 10% formalin neutral buffer solution for 24 h and embedded in paraffin. Six-micrometre-thick sections were stained with Mallory’s triple stain and toluidine blue in 1% aqueous solution at pH 1.0 for 5 min (for Mast Cells). RJ was shown to protect the colonic mucosa against the injurious effect of acetic acid. Colitis (colonic damage) was confirmed histomorphometrically as significant increases in the number of mast cells (MC) and colonic erosions in rats with acetic acid-induced colitis. The RJ treatment significantly decreased the number of MC and reduced the area of colonic erosion in the colon of RJ-treated rats compared with rats with untreated colitis. The results suggest that oral treatment with RJ could be used to treat colitis.

The specific roles of nutrients in reproduction are not well defined in sheep. Hence, the relationships between certain mineral (Ca, Mg) and element (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) levels at mating and pregnancy rates was investigated in fat-tailed Morkaraman ewes synchronised with different hormones (melatonin, norgestomet implant and eCG) early in anoestrus season. For this purpose, 40 healthy ewes (aged 2-4 years) allocated in the synchronised (n=30) and no-treated group (n=10) were used during mid-May (suckling period). On the eCG injection day, fertile rams (n=8) were introduced into the groups and, then the oestrus signs were visually monitored twice daily for 7 days. The oestrous ewes were allowed to handmate using rotational (four rams daily) mating system. Additionally, jugular blood samples were collected on the days of onset of oestrus (before mating) for determination of serum Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn and Zn levels. Presence of pregnancies was diagnosed by real-time ultrasonography 35 days post-mating. Totally, 25 ewes became pregnant (21 ewes with stimulatedand 4 with spontaneous oestrus), while 9 ewes (all received stimulation) were not pregnant. In non-pregnant ewes, unlike other minerals and elements, the Cu and Zn values were significantly lower than their reference values (for Cu: 0.87±0.16 mg/dl vs. 9.20 mg/dl; for Zn: 2.06±0.30 g/dl vs. 3.8 g/dl, resp.; P<0.01 in both cases). In pregnant ewes, the corresponding values remained unchanged (P>0.05). Hence, the present findings indicate that the low Cu and Zn levels during the oestrus might adversely affect the subsequent pregnancy rate in suckling ewes.

In this study was investigated effects of borax (BX) on inflammation markers, haematolojical parameters and total oxidant (TOS)-antioxidant status (TAS) in rats applied 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC). In this research a total of 24 Wistar Albino rats were used. They were divided into 4 groups each containing 6 rats. 1st group was separated as a control group. 3-MC was applied twice a week first 2 weeks 25 mg/kg dose to the 2nd group with i.p. way. BX was given to 3rd group 300mg/L/day dose with drinking water during 150 days. 3-MC was applied twice a week first 2 weeks 25 mg/kg dose with i.p. way and BX were given with drinking water during 150 days to 4th group. At the end of the study blood analysis, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) levels in 3-MC group; TOS and oxidative stress index (OSI), platelet (PLT) levels in 3-MC and 3-MC+BX groups showed significantly increases when compared to other groups. It was determined that lymphocytes % (LY%) of ever 3 groups were significantly higher; however, neutrophil % (NEU%) were significantly fewer according to control group. Haemoglobin (HGB) and hematocrit (HCT) values of 3-MC+BX groups showed significantly decrease according to other groups (P≤0.05). Mean corpusculer volume (MCV) in 3-MC and 3-MC+BX groups showed significantly decrease when compared to other groups (P≤0.05). As a result, in case of exposure to 3-MC, long-term use of BX with oral ways may not decrease oxidative stress, may changes haematolojical parameters such as, WBC, LY%, NEU%, PLT, HGB, HCT, MCV. However, these changes remain within physiological limits. Even so, in the use of BX should be considered use of iron. Furthermore, BX with the abovementioned dosage may be used to reduce the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 being inflammation and cancer markers. Borax, Haematology, Inflammation, Interleukin, Rat, Tas, Tos, Keywords: 3-Metilkolatren Uygulanan Sıçanlarda Boraksın İnflamasyon, Hematolojik Parametreler ve Total Oksidan-Antioksidan Durumlar Üzerine Etkileri ÖzetBu çalışmada, 3-metilkolatren (3-MC) uygulanan sıçanlarda boraksın (BX) inflamasyon göstergeleri, hematolojik parametreler ve total oksidan (TOS)-antioksidan durumlar (TAS) üzerine etkileri araştırıldı. Çalışmada toplam 24 Wistar Albino sıçan kullanıldı. Sıçanlar her grupta 6'şar adet olacak şekilde 4 gruba ayrıldı. Birinci Grup kontrol grubu olarak ayrıldı. İkinci gruba 25 mg/kg dozunda haftada iki kez ilk 2 hafta 3-MC i.p. yolla uygulandı. Üçüncü gruba BX 300 mg/L/gün dozunda içme suları ile 150 gün boyunca verildi. Dördüncü gruba 3-MC 25 mg/kg dozunda haftada iki kez ilk 2 hafta i.p. yolla uygulandı ve BX 300 mg/L/gün dozunda içme suları ile 150 gün boyunca verildi. Çalışma sonunda kan analizlerinde, diğer gruplarla karşılaştırıldığında 3-MC grubunda tümör nekrozis faktör alfa (TNF-α) ve interlökin 1 beta (IL-1β); 3-MC ve 3-MC+BX gruplarında ise, TOS, oksidatif stres indeksi (OSI) ve trombosit (PLT) seviyeleri istatistiksel önemde artış gösterdi. Kontrol grubuna göre her 3 gruptaki % lenfosit (%LY...

Chitosan is a natural polymer with antioxidant and chelating properties. This study investigated the effects of chitosan on lead (Pb), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), glutathione (GSH), ceruloplasmin concentrations and catalase (CAT) activity in the kidney tissue of the rats exposed to lead. 28 male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups of eight each: control (C), lead group (Pb group), lead+ chitosan (Pb+CS group), and chitosan (CS group). The lead group was administered 50 mg/kg lead acetate intraperitoneally (ip) for 5 days, and the chitosan groups (CS+Pb and CS groups) were administered 200 mg/kg chitosan for 28 days via gavage. At the end of the study, Pb, MDA, 8-OHdG, ceruloplasmin, GSH concentrations and catalase activity were measured in the kidney tissue. In the Pb-treated groups when compared with the control group, Pb, MDA, 8-OHdG, ceruloplasmin concentrations were significantly increased, and GSH concentration and catalase activity were significantly decreased (p<0.05). Coadministration of chitosan with lead significantly decreased Pb, MDA, and ceruloplasmin levels and significantly increased CAT activity in the kidney tissue (p<0.05). There were no significant changes in GSH and 8-OHDG levels (p>0.05). The obtained results show that chitosan protects the kidney against leadinduced oxidative stress.

MIS, L.; COMBA, B.; USLU, S. & YELTEKIN, A. Effect of wheatgrass on DNA damage, oxidative stress index and histological findings in diabetic rats. Int. J. Morphol., 36(4):1235Morphol., 36(4): -1240Morphol., 36(4): , 2018. SUMMARY:This study was aimed to search the effect of wheatgrass on the Total Antioxidan (TAS)-Oxidan Status (TOS) and DNA damage in rat with diabetes. The rats used in the study were randomly divided into 4 groups that each of has 10 rats: Control group; 1 ml single dose phosphate-citrate buffer injected i.p (pH: 4.5), Diabetes group; 45 mg/kg single dose streptozotocin injected i.p., Wheatgrass group; was given oral wheatgrass (10 ml/kg/day) for 6 weeks, Diabetes +Wheatgrass group; 45 mg/kg single dose streptozotocin injected i.p. and wheatgrass (10 ml/kg/day) was given by oral during 6 weeks. After the process of experiment during 6 weeks, blood sample and pancreas tissue were taken. The analysis were done of blood glucose levels, TAS, TOS levels by colorimetric kits; DNA damage by ELISA kits in serum. The pancreas tissues were examined histopathologically. In the group of Diabetes+Wheatgrass was determined that the levels of glucose levels (p<0.001),TOS (p<0.05) and OSI (p<0.01) statistically decreased and heal histopatolojical compared to diabetes group. In the group of Wheatgrass was determined that the levels of TAS p<0.05 statistically increased from other groups. The statistical significance were not found in the level of serum 8OHdG differences between the groups. The beta cells were seen to increase in the group receiving wheatgrass for therapeutic purposes.As a conclusion, it was determined that wheatgrass strengthened the anti-oxidant defense system and reduced the glucose level in diabetic rats.