Introduction: Otosclerosis causes conductive hearing loss that histologically corresponds to a bone remodeling process called otoespongiosis. Although multiple pathological studies describing onset and the characteristics of this process, there are no articles in literature that correlate histological disease with hearing impairment and surgical outcomes. Aim: Correlate pathological disease with clinical, intraoperative and audiometric variables and evaluate the stapedostomy outcome. Material and method: Retrospective study including patients undergoing stapedostomy between 1995 and 2011, with histopathologic evaluation of stapes bone and pre and postoperative audiometric evaluation. Statistically, univariate analysis for categorical and continuous variables was used, then a logistic model to identify predictors of surgical success was adjusted. For data tabulation and analysis Stata ® 12 (StataCorp. 2011. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP) statistical software was used. Results: 204 stapedectomies were assessed, 24.51% with abnormal stapes bones, the gross appearance of the stage was not related to the microscopic result (p =0.476), no association between pre-surgical air audiometric thresholds (p =0.291) and bone (p =0.824) with histopathologic severity was found. The improved postoperative airway threshold (p =0.326) and air-bone gap closure (p =0.23) did not correlate with histology. Conclusion: Stapedostomy primary outcome, ie, improvement in hearing thresholds, as well as the air-bone gap, were significant. Routine pathological stapes bone study had no prognostic value in contrast to other factors analyzed in this study.
Breast fibromatosis. Report of one caseDesmoid tumors or fibromatosis, a rare lesion of the connective tissue, corresponds to 0.2% of breast tumors. It does not metastasize but has high local recurrence rates due to margin infiltration. The clinical presentation and imaging is almost indistinguishable from breast carcinoma. Diagnosis is histological and the treatment of choice is surgical excision. We report a 31 years old woman consulting for skin retraction in right breast, without previous history of trauma or surgery. Breast ultrasound showed an irregular nodule that extended into the skin. The mammogram showed a discrete retraction of the skin and increased density of adjacent subcutaneous tissue. An ultrasound guided percutaneous biopsy showed stromal fusocelular proliferation, suggesting a phyllodes tumor. A partial mastectomy was performed and the pathological study of the surgical piece showed a mesenchymal proliferation with infiltrative borders, consistent with breast fibromatosis.Key words: Breast fibromatosis, desmoid tumor, mammary nodule. ResumenIntroducción: La fibromatosis o tumor desmoide, es una lesión infrecuente del tejido conectivo, que corresponde al 0,2% de los tumores mamarios. No tiene potencial de dar metástasis pero presenta alta tasa de recidiva local debido a sus márgenes infiltrativos. Su etiología es desconocida. La presentación clínica e imagenológica es casi indistinguible a la de un carcinoma mamario. El diagnóstico es histológico y el tratamiento de elección es la resección quirúrgica. Reporte de caso: Mujer de 31 años que consulta por retracción cutánea en mama derecha. No presenta antecedentes quirúrgicos ni de traumas previos. Se realiza ecografía mamaria que muestra, en relación al sitio de retracción, un nódulo irregular que se extiende hacia la piel. La mamografía muestra discreta retracción de la piel y aumento de densidad del tejido subcutáneo adyacente. Se realiza biopsia percutánea CORE bajo ultrasonido, que muestra proliferación estromal fusocelular, sugerente de un tumor filodes. Posteriormente, se realiza mastectomía parcial cuya histología Rev. Chilena de Cirugía.
Background: Nodular thyroid disease is a very common disorder with a low frequency of malignancy. The most accurate diagnostic test is fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of nodules with cytological analysis of the sample. However, this procedure has some limitations in the diagnosis of follicular and papillary thyroid carcinoma. Aim: To detect mRNA from specific malignancy markers in thyroid nodules and to evaluate their potential correlation with cytological and pathological diagnosis. Patients and methods: In 20 patients with thyroid nodules FNAB was performed prior to surgery. The main part of the FNAB sample was used to perform classical cytology. In the remaining of the sample were detected MUC-1, CD26, galectin-3 and TSH receptor mRNAs by RT-PCR technique. Results: Eight patients had positive cytology for papillary cancer; which was confirmed by pathology. Nine had suspicious or non conclusive cytological findings and 3 were negative for neoplastic cells; all 12 were pathologically benign. We detected TSH receptor and galectin-3 mRNA in almost all benign and malignant nodules. MUC-1 was present in 5/8 papillary carcinoma (62.5%), and 1/12 benign nodules (8.3%). CD26 was detected in 7/8 papillary carcinomas but also in 8/12 benign nodules. Conclusions: RT-PCR can be performed in very small samples of thyroid tissue to detect several mRNA markers. MUC-1 can be a potentially useful marker of malignancy in thyroid nodules. It can be detected by RT-PCR as a complementary technique in the diagnostic evaluation of thyroid nodules (Rev Méd Chile 2003; 131: 965-72).
Immunohistochemical detection of parafibromin in parathyroid pathologyIntroduction: The definitive diagnosis of parathyroid cancer is extremely difficult, from the clinical approach to the molecular diagnosis. A gene mutation was detected recently in patients with parathyroid cancer. It is a suppressor tumor gene called HRPT2, which codifies for a protein that participates in PAF1 complex, the parafibromin. It has been observed that the expression of this protein it's altered in parathyroid cancer, what would serve like method of diagnosis by immunohystochemistry, with a sensitivity and specificity of 73-96% and 99-100%, respectively. Material and Method: The anti-parafibromin immunohystochemistry staining was made in 23 parathyroids tissue samples (5 adenomas, 6 hyperplasia, 7 normal and 5 carcinomas). Results: A positive pattern is observed in almost 100% of benign pathology and 100% in normal tissue. In the cases of carcinoma only 2 of 5 had a strong positivity. Conclusions: The pathological clinical correlation does not allow the association of the loss of parafibromin immunoreactivity in some unequivocal cases of parathyroid cancer. The parafibromin immunostaining does not allow to discriminate between benign or malign pathologies.
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