Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi implementar e avaliar o impacto da elaboração de Mapas Conceituais (MC) como estratégia pedagógica no ensino-aprendizagem da Anatomia Humana, uma das disciplinas do curso de Fisioterapia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Participaram do estudo 298 alunos regularmente matriculados, ao longo de seis semestres. A análise das médias das notas finais dos alunos, anteriores à ampliação do projeto dos MC, demonstrou decréscimo dessas médias ao longo dos semestres, o que foi revertido quando o projeto de ensino de MC foi implementado sistematicamente. A implementação dos MC também foi capaz de promover uma redução significativa no índice de reprovação. Assim, concluímos que o uso de MC parece ter contribuído para melhorar o desempenho dos alunos e também o índice de aprovação na disciplina de Anatomia Humana, principalmente após a sistematização do seu uso através do Projeto de Ensino apoiado pela Pró-Reitoria de Graduação da Instituição.
O estudo investigou os efeitos do discurso médico no processo de ensino-aprendizagem escolar, particularmente, como ele tem sido apropriado pelo corpo docente e os seus efeitos nas práticas pedagógicas dos educadores. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo realizado ao longo do período letivo de 2008. Participaram do estudo 17 educadores que trabalham com crianças com paralisia cerebral, com idade entre 6 e 12 anos e acompanhadas pela equipe de reabilitação da Rede Sarah de Hospitais, em Belém. Foram realizadas entrevistas gravadas em áudio no início e no final do período letivo, seguindo o mesmo roteiro. Ao longo do ano, foram realizadas visitas escolares, pela equipe do Sarah, com intervalos de aproximadamente dois meses e com o objetivo de dialogar com os educadores e esclarecer sobre o diagnóstico da criança, seus potenciais, limites e adaptações que favorecessem o processo de inclusão e de aprendizagem. A análise dos dados iniciais revelou a inconsistência teórica dos educadores sobre os conceitos de inclusão e de paralisia cerebral. Indicou o desconhecimento sobre o diagnóstico da criança e a elaboração de práticas pedagógicas orientadas por discursos médicos baseados no senso comum. Ao final do processo, identificou-se que as percepções, as concepções, as práticas e o discurso pedagógico dos educadores haviam se modificado. Foram observadas reelaborações de ações pedagógicas considerando o diagnóstico, aspectos individuais e coletivos da aprendizagem, além dos limites e potenciais de cada criança. Constatou-se assim, o processo de subjetivação discursiva, como resultado da interlocução entre campos de saberes diferentes, no caso, Saúde e Educação, resultando em reelaboração do discurso e das práticas pedagógicas no processo de ensino-aprendizagem das crianças com paralisia cerebral.
Purpose: to investigate the satisfaction of deaf people in relation to the health services, to characterize the sample regarding sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and self-perception of deafness, and to verify if there is an association between satisfaction with care, communication, professionals, and self-perception of deafness. Methods: an observational, cross-sectional study conducted with a semi-structured questionnaire in 74 deaf adults. A descriptive analysis of the characterization of the sample and attendance, and an analysis of the association between satisfaction, professionals, self-perception, service used, and schooling level was performed, using the chi-square test. The level of significance adopted was 5%. Results: the sample was composed mainly of women (66.2%), 18 to 28 years old (46.5%), of socioeconomic class D (51.3%), having finished high school (56.76%), and employed as an office assistant or typist (90%), 63.5% self-declared as deaf, 51.3% were bilingual, and 54.4% were not satisfied with the medical care. There was a statistically significant difference between the level of satisfaction of the volunteers with the health care received in relation to the different health professionals who attended them (p< 0.05). Conclusion: most of the population was not satisfied with medical care, although this service was most sought. The type of communication used by the professionals and the presence of an interpreter were not effective. It is necessary to implement strategies to ensure accessibility and comprehensive careto this population.
Trypanosoma cruzi-infected juvenile rats develop severe cardiac sympathetic denervation in parallel with acute myocarditis. This aspect has not been studied in adult rats, thought to be resistant to this infection. The mechanism involved in T. cruzi-induced neuronal damage remains to be completely elucidated. In juvenile rats, the mortality during the acute phase depends on T. cruzi populations, ranging from 30% to 100%. Therefore, studies of mechanisms through hazardous procedures such as immunosuppression are restricted. The current paper shows that adult rats infected with T. cruzi (Y strain) develop severe acute myocarditis and cardiac sympathetic denervation, despite null mortality and virtual absence of patent parasitaemia followed by negative haemoculture. Recovery from the myocarditis and denervation occurred but PCR studies showed persistence of parasite DNA at least until day 111 post inoculation. Immunosuppression by cyclophosphamide treatment increased the parasitaemia, prevented the acute myocarditis and the sympathetic denervation without significant alteration of the myocardial parasitism. These results argue against a direct role for parasite-derived products and implicate the inflammatory cells in the denervation process. As previous studies in juvenile animals have discarded an essential role for radiosensitive cells, the macrophages remain as the possible effectors for the T. cruzi-induced neuronal damage.
Purpose: to learn the deaf people’s perspective on the improvements needed in this population’s health care. Methods: an observational, cross-sectional study conducted with 124 deaf people who answered a semi-structured questionnaire to characterize the sample (age, sex, and means of communication) and collect answers to the open question: “Do you have any suggestion to improve the health care for the deaf?” - which was answered either in writing or in the Brazilian Sign Language (Libras). A descriptive analysis was conducted to characterize the sample, as well as a quantitative and qualitative content analysis (thematic-categorical), to identify categories and occurrence frequency of the content in the answers to the open question. Results: the sample’s mean age was 44 years (standard deviation 15, minimum 18, and maximum 70 years), 65% were women, and 78% used Libras to communicate. Most of the participants (83%) answered the open question in writing. Six theme categories were identified: 1) Needed improvements; 2) Communication barriers); 3) Health promotion; 4) Autonomy; 5) Achievements; and 6) Law. Conclusion: the results reveal a need for improvements in the health care of deaf people. The perspective of the studied deaf population is based on their desire to gain autonomy, overcome communication barriers, and have access to information, aiming at health promotion.
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In early childhood education, socio-emotional learning is not always considered with appropriate planning nor based on scientific evidence. Aiming to analyze impact of an Emotional Regulation (ER) Intervention in school achievement and social skills (SS), fifty-five children from public schools were evaluated by Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices (CPM), School Achievement Test (TDE) and Social Skills Rating System (SSRS-BR). After nine 50-minute meetings addressing ER strategies, evaluation of SS by the teacher indicated improvement in all aspects of SS in Intervention Group (IG) and worsening of the self-control in Comparison Group (CG). Self-evaluation of SS showed that IG overcame the initial difference in assertiveness and problem avoidance. Results suggest that ER programs can bring benefits to the development of SS.
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