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Important clinical concerns in orthopedics and dental implantology are associated with a significant release of titanium (Ti) metal ions and debris due to the low corrosion resistance of this material. Chemical modifications on Ti surfaces have been performed in order to minimize effects of corrosion. In this contribution, zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were deposited onto Ti surfaces and functionalized with four different organic bifunctional molecules in order to increase the corrosion resistance. SEM and XPS indicated the formation of nanostructured ZnO thin film with hydroxyl groups available for covalent functionalization. The adhesion mechanism analyzed by XPS suggest that the attachment on ZnO occurs by carboxylic acid, silane, thiol and hydroxyl groups for 4aminophenylpropionic acid (APPA), 3-aminopropyltrimetoxysilane (APTMS), 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules. Electrochemical analysis for the functionalized ZnO specimens with APPA showed noble open circuit potentials (−0.2 V) and significant decrease in the corrosion current density (5.3 × 10 −7 A/cm 2) when compared to the values obtained for pristine Ti (−0.56 V and 2.3 × 10 −6 A/cm 2), indicating a promising material for applications in biomedical fields.

Frozen samples should be kept at -80°C to preserve these activities, but there are restrictions for the enzymes ALP, ALT and LDH. Storage of samples at -20°C could introduce high error variance in measured activities.

Structure–property relationship of amphiphilic molecules on smooth substrates was explored through a multi-step approach and its influence on biological activity.

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Background: The aims of this study were the temporal analysis of salivary biomarkers of cellular damage and oxidative stress following of lower third molar surgical removal from healthy patient and without postoperative complications. Material and Methods: Three whole unstimulated saliva samples were collected from each of 17 patients (8 men, 9 women) before surgery, 1 and 7 days after lower third molar surgical removal using the expectoration (or 'spit') method. Salivary flow rate (SFR), pH, buffer capacity (BC) were measured, immediately after collection. The samples were centrifuged and the supernatants were stored in aliquots at -80°C until analysis. Salivary thiobarbituric reacting substances (TBARs), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), haemoglobin (Hb), total protein (TP), uric acid (UA), acid phosphatase (ACP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)  were measured by spectrophotometric method.  Results: There were no significant differences between pre- and post-surgical SFR, pH, BC, or TP. One day after extraction were detected a significant increases in Hb, TBARs, ACP, TRAP, ALP, AST, ALT, and LDH activities, and decreases of UA and TAC levels were observed. Seven days after extraction, only AST (higher) remained increased compared to pre-surgical levels. Conclusions: The surgical removal of impacted lower third molars increases salivary biomarkers of cellular damage and oxidative stress, and decreases the TAC in the early postoperative. Considering these issues, our data open new perspectives of a possible use of these parameters as biomarkers for screening and monitoring of patients vulnerable to the development of postoperative complications.Descriptors: Saliva; Biomarkers; Oral Surgical Procedures; Oxidative Stress; Enzymes; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances.ReferencesMajid OW, Mahmood WK. Effect of submucosal and intramuscular dexamethasone on postoperative sequelae after third molar surgery: comparative study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;49(8):647-52.Larjava H. Oral wound healing : cell biology and clinical management. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. XVI, 408 p.pMohn CE, Steimetz T, Surkin PN, Fernandez-Solari J, Elverdin JC, Guglielmotti MB. Effects of saliva on early post-tooth extraction tissue repair in rats. Wound Repair Regen. 2015;23(2):241-50.Ozmeric N, Mollaoglu N, Elgun S, Devrim E. Impact of chlorhexidine mouth rinse use on postextraction infection via nitric oxide pathway. 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This study aimed to produce and characterize the microstructure and mechanical properties of dense polycrystalline bovine hydroxyapatite (DPBHA) bioceramics with 5% and 8% of TiO 2 nanoparticles after final synthetization for future use in dental implants. Structural characterization was obtained from analyzes by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and relative density and apparent porosity. The mechanical characterization was performed by measuring the fracture toughness after three-point flexural strength (FS) test. The microstructural characterization results showed no secondary phase formation and nonhomogeneous nanoparticle dispersion in HA matrix. DPBHA/Np8% (2.9 ± 0.09 g/cm 3 ) exhibited significantly greater density than DPBHA (2.7 ± 0.03 g/cm 3 ) (p = 0.011) and DPBHA/Np5% (2.7 ± 0.05 g/cm 3 ) (p = 0.041). DPBHA (0.9%) had the smallest porosity followed by DPBHA/Np8% (3.4%). DPBHA/Np5% (4.5%) exhibited the greatest proportion of pores. Pure HA (51.7 ± 10.3 MPa) and DPBHA/Np8% (47.4 ± 6.4 MPa) had significant greater FS (p < 0.001) than DPBHA/Np5% (28.8 ± 3.1 MPa). DPBHA (0.43 ± 0.01 MPa m 1/2 ) and DPBHA/Np8% (0.40 ± 0.06 MPa m 1/2 ) presented greater KIc than DPBHA/Np5% (0.23 ± 0.02 MPa m 1/2 ) (p < 0.003; p < 0.007). In conclusion, 8% TiO 2 nanoparticle addition to this synthesis would be a promising HA blend, as mechanical properties were similar, and the relative density/apparent porosity showed superior results than those of the DPBHA.

The cover picture shows different aspects related to the work. Characterization data (CHADA) and modeling data (MODA) representations foster interdisciplinary understanding and facilitate standardized communication of material‐specific interphase characteristics. Adsorbed molecules of the three studied bisphosphonates are displayed on a TiO2 surface at the center. The linear structure of the bisphosphonates is represented in the background. The cover was illustrated by Giseli Sina. More information can be found in the Research Article by Leonardo F. G. Dias et al. (DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200286).