Salivary biomarkers of cellular damage and oxidative stress following of lower third molar surgical removal

Abstract

Background: The aims of this study were the temporal analysis of salivary biomarkers of cellular damage and oxidative stress following of lower third molar surgical removal from healthy patient and without postoperative complications. Material and Methods: Three whole unstimulated saliva samples were collected from each of 17 patients (8 men, 9 women) before surgery, 1 and 7 days after lower third molar surgical removal using the expectoration (or 'spit') method. Salivary flow rate (SFR), pH, buffer capacity (BC) were measured, immediately after collection. The samples were centrifuged and the supernatants were stored in aliquots at -80°C until analysis. Salivary thiobarbituric reacting substances (TBARs), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), haemoglobin (Hb), total protein (TP), uric acid (UA), acid phosphatase (ACP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured by spectrophotometric method. Results: There were no significant differences between pre- and post-surgical SFR, pH, BC, or TP. One day after extraction were detected a significant increases in Hb, TBARs, ACP, TRAP, ALP, AST, ALT, and LDH activities, and decreases of UA and TAC levels were observed. Seven days after extraction, only AST (higher) remained increased compared to pre-surgical levels. Conclusions: The surgical removal of impacted lower third molars increases salivary biomarkers of cellular damage and oxidative stress, and decreases the TAC in the early postoperative. 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Salivary levels of uric acid, lactate dehydrogenase, and amylase in smokers versus non-smokers

“…(7) UA is one of the most important non-enzymatic antioxidants. (2,5,6,8) Also, it has been demonstrated that salivary enzymes such as amylase, acid phosphatase, and LDH are affected by the cigarette smoke. (2,4,9,10) Kanehira et al (1) reported that the salivary levels of thiocyanate and superoxide dismutase in smokers were higher than the corresponding values in non-smokers.…”

“…(4) Saliva is the first body fluid exposed to cigarette smoke, and is also the firstline defense mechanism against oxidative stress. (5) The salivary antioxidant system plays an important role in its anti-carcinogenic property, and includes several enzymes and molecules such as uric acid (UA) and peroxidase system.…”