Background: Adhesions induced by biomaterials experimentally implanted in the abdominal cavity are basically studied by primary repair of different abdominal wall defects or by the correction of incisional hernias previously performed with no precise definition of the most appropriate model. Aim: To describe the adhesions which occur after the development of incisional hernias, before the prosthesis implantation, in an experimental model to study the changes induced by different meshes. Methods: Incisional hernias were performed in 10 rats with hernia orifices of standardized dimensions, obtained by the median incision of the abdominal wall and eversion of the defect edges. Ten days after the procedure adhesions of abdominal structures were found when hernias were repaired with different meshes. Results: The results showed hernia sac well defined in all rats ten days after the initial procedure. Adhesions of the greater omentum occurred in five animals of which two also showed adhesions of small bowel loops besides the omentum, and another two showed liver adhesions as well as the greater omentum, numbers with statistical significance by Student's t test (p<0.05). Conclusion: Although it reproduces the real clinical situation, the choice of experimental model of incisional hernia repair previously induced implies important adhesions, with possible repercussions in the evaluation of the second operation, when different implants of synthetic materials are used.

There was no statistically significant increase in the spleen volume after partial ligation of the portal vein when comparing the calculated volume in the first operation to the volume found at reoperation. There was no difference when comparing the spleen volumes of the animals reoperated after 15 days and the ones reoperated after 30 days.

BackgroundThe calculation of the volume ratio between the hernia sac and the abdominal cavity of incisional hernias is based on tomographic sections as well as the mathematical formula of the volume of the ellipsoid, which allows determining whether this is a giant hernia or there is a "loss of domain". As the images used are not exact geometric figures, the study of the volume of two solid organs of Wistar rats was performed to validate these calculations.AimTo correlate two methods for determining the volume of the kidney and spleen of rats, comparing a direct method of observation of the volume with the mathematical calculation of this value.MethodsThe volume of left kidney, geometrically more regular, and spleen, with its peculiar shape, of ten animals was established in cubic centimeters after complete immersion in water with the aid of a beaker graduated in millimeters. These values ​​were compared with those obtained by calculating the same volume with a specific mathematical formula: V = 4/3 × π × (r1 x r2 x r3). Data were compared and statistically analyzed by Student's t test. RESULTS: Although the average volume obtained was higher through the direct method (1.13 cm3 for the left kidney and 0.71 cm3 for the spleen) than the values ​​calculated with the mathematical formula (0.81 cm3 and 0.54 cm3), there were no statistically significant differences between the values ​​found for the two organs (p>0.05).ConclusionThere was adequate correlation between the direct calculation of the volume of the kidney and spleen with the result of mathematical calculation of these values ​​in the animals' studies.

BackgroundPartial portal vein ligation causes an increase in portal pressure that remains stable even after the appearance of collateral circulation, with functional adaptation to prolonged decrease in portal blood flow.AimTo assess whether different constriction rates produced by partial ligation of the vein interfere with the results of this experimental model in rats.MethodsThree groups of five rats each were used; in group 1 (sham-operated), dissection and measurement of portal vein diameters were performed. Portal hypertension was induced by partial portal vein ligation, reducing its size to 0.9 mm in the remaining 10 animals, regardless of the initial diameter of the veins. Five animals with portal hypertension (group 2) underwent reoperation after 15 days and the rats in group 3 after 30 days. The calculation of the constriction rate was performed using a specific mathematical formula (1 - π r 2 / π R2) x 100% and the statistical analysis with the Student t test.ResultsThe initial diameter of the animal's portal vein was 2.06 mm, with an average constriction rate of the 55.88%; although the diameter of the veins and the constriction rate in group 2 were lower than in group 3 (2.06 mm - 55,25% and 2.08 mm - 56.51%, respectively), portal hypertension was induced in all rats and no significant macroscopic differences were found between the animals that were reoperated after 15 days and after 30 days respectively, being the shorter period considered enough for the evaluation. Comparing the initial diameter of the vein and the rate of constriction performed in groups 2 and 3, no statistic significance was found (p>0.05).ConclusionPre-hepatic portal hypertension in rat can be induced by the reduction of the portal vein diameter to 0.9 mm, regardless the initial diameter of the vein and the vessel constriction rate.

BackgroundThe negative result of a research does not always indicate failure, and when the data do not permit a proper conclusion, or are contrary to the initial project, should not simply be discarded and archived.AimTo report failure after performing experimental model of liver ischemia and reperfusion normothermic, continuous or intermittent, in small animals aiming at the study of biochemical and histological parameters after postoperative recovery.MethodsFifteen Wistar rats were divided into three groups of five animals each; all underwent surgery, the abdomen was sutured after the proposed procedures for each group and the animals were observed for 6 h or until they died, and then were reoperated. In Group 1, control (sham-operated): dissection of the hepatic hilum was performed; in Group 2: clamping of the hepatic hilum for 30 m; in Group 3: clamping of the hepatic hilum for 15 m, reperfusion for 5 m and another 15 m of clamping. Data from Groups 2 and 3 were compared with Student's t test.ResultsAll animals of Group 1 survived for 6 h. Two animals in Group 2 died before the 6 h needed to validate the experiment; two did not recover from anesthesia and one survived until the end. In Group 3, four animals died before the 6 h established and one of them survived the required time. Only one animal in Group 2 and one in Group 3 survived and were able to accomplish the study. There was no statistical significance when the results of Groups 2 and 3 were compared (p>0.05).ConclusionThe death of six animals before the necessary period of observation turned the initial proposal of the experiment unfeasible.

Morbidly obese and post-bariatric surgery patients are at increased risk for biliary stones formation. The complications related to biliary stones may impose complexity on their management. This study aimed to review the management of biliary conditions in obese and bariatric patients. In this study, a narrative review was performed of the medical, surgical, and endoscopic procedures for the management of biliary stones and their related complications. Knowing the main prophylactic and therapeutic interventions options is essential for clinicians to properly manage the biliary stones in patients candidates or submitted to bariatric surgery. Plain Language Summary Management of biliary stones in bariatric surgery The complications related to biliary stones may impose complexity on their management. Knowing the main prophylactic and therapeutic intervention options is essential for clinicians to properly manage the biliary stones in patient candidates or submitted to bariatric surgery. This study reviewed the main tools clinicians can handle to properly manage candidates for bariatric surgery or patients submitted to bariatric surgery.

patients underwent for intent of curative resection. 13 out 19 were resectable. The median age was 65.6 years old. 27% were male and 73% were women. Pain was present on 58,8%. Jaundice was present on 78%. Cholecystits on 15,6%, cholelithiasis on 29,41%. Liver metastases were found on 34 patients at the moment of the diagnosis. Radical cholecystectomy was the procedure on 13 patients. Postoperative care in ICU was 0, 73 days. Morbidity 30e60 days was 2% and post operative mortality rate was 0%. Adenocarcinoma was the most frequent pathology. Analysis: Gallbladder cancer is a complex pathology not well studied in Colombia. The experience after 24 months reported 51 cases and only 19 underwent for surgery and only 13 were resectable Multidisciplinary team was the key to have acceptable morbidity and mortality. Conclusions: Gallbladder cancer needs more attention on Colombia's public Health. Our small serie is significant on terms of the number of cases in a short period of time. Purpose: To determine the natural history of gallbladder (GB) polyps less than 10 mm incidentally detected at ultrasonography (US) and to propose management guidelines for these lesions. Method: A database search for "polyp" in all US examinations of the GB between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2014 at a single institution was performed. All subsequent US reports were reviewed to determine changes in GB polyp size. The electronic medical record was searched to obtain clinical and pathologic follow-up. Results: GB Polyps were identified in 108 patients (Male e 81%, Females e 19%) with Median age e 50.9 years. Majority of polyps were detected during comprehensive health check up or during ultrasound abdomen evaluation for pain abdomen.The mean size of the polyps were 4.7 ± 2.15 mm (range of 1 mm to 15 mm). On follow up USG at 3 months, Polyp was of same size in 43% of the patients, it showed complete resolution in 32%, and in 12% the size of polyp had reduced. Only 10% had increase in size. Out of 956 cholecystectomies done, 20 (1.67%) were for GB Polyps (17-abdominal pain, 3-family history of GB cancer). Out of 20 that were operated, only 8 GB specimens (37%) had polyps on histopathology and remaining had stones.None of them showed any evidence of dysplasia or neoplasia.Ultrasound abdomen had a low sensitivity (39%). Conclusions: The risk of GB malignancy resulting from incidentally detected polyps is extremely low. Incidentally detected GB polyps measuring 10 mm less may require no additional follow-up, although further studies are required to substantiate.

with bleeding from left inferior phrenic, left intercostals vessels 6-11. For that coil embolisation was done in all the bleeding sources, with that heamoptysis stopped. Since the patient was unfit for surgery due to low ejection fraction, the pseudo cyst was drained percutaneously using pig tail catheter and patient improved well. Results: During the follow up of 8 months, patient is asymptomatic and the imaging showed complete resolution of pseudo cyst and left pleural effusion. No further episodes of heamoptysis. Conclusion: Heamoptysis following acute pancreatitis is a very rare entity. The probable mechanism would be accumulated proteolytic fluid would have caused weakening and elastolytic erosion of the wall of the vessels. Radiological intervention is ideal way to deal with these complications.