Abstract--Emerging cybersecurity vulnerabilities in supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems are becoming urgent engineering issues for modern substations. This paper proposes a novel intrusion detection system (IDS) tailored for cybersecurity of IEC 61850 based substations. The proposed IDS integrates physical knowledge, protocol specifications and logical behaviors to provide a comprehensive and effective solution that is able to mitigate various cyberattacks. The proposed approach comprises access control detection, protocol whitelisting, model-based detection, and multi-parameter based detection. This SCADA-specific IDS is implemented and validated using a comprehensive and realistic cyber-physical test-bed and data from a real 500kV smart substation.

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The delta-connected autotransformer with π/6 phase-shift angle is widely used in the multi-pulse rectifier when the output voltage of the autotransformer is approximately equal to its input voltage. If its output voltage is slightly greater than its input voltage, the equivalent kVA rating of the autotransformer increase rapidly, and each core limb of the autotransformer has five windings. The increase in winding number will increase the asymmetry and manufacture difficulty of the autotransformer. Therefore, the autotransformer with π/6 phase-shift angle is not suitable in the boost voltage application. This paper analyzes the effect of phase-shift angle of the autotransformer with three windings in each core limb on the input line current, output voltage, equivalent kVA rating, and proposes a new phase-shift angle. The equivalent kVA rating of delta-connected autotransformer with the new phase-shift angle is slightly greater than that of the autotransformer with π/6 phase-shift angle under the same turn ratio, but the autotransformer with the new phase-shift angle has three windings in each core limb, and is propitious to design and manufacture. Some simulation and experiment are carried out to verify of the theoretical analysis.

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