These results suggest that morphine administration, at doses within the range of analgesic use, can cause measurable suppression of some components of the human cellular immune system.

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Many previous studies have suggested that opioid drugs can impair immune resistance in patients who may be at risk for infection. This study suggests that the opioid fentanyl, when given to healthy humans without coexisting diseases, does not suppress immune resistance. On the basis of these results, the use of fentanyl should not be restricted because of concerns that it may suppress immune function.

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General or epidural anesthesia alone, in the absence of surgery, seems to have only transient and minor effects on human immune function.

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