Abstract. In order to anaesthetize insects in a laboratory, chilling and application of diethyl ether and carbon dioxide are commonly used. However none of the above methods is problem free. In particular, the use of diethyl ether, despite its simplicity, is now limited due to its poor safety. In our research, we evaluated ethyl acetate as an alternative anaesthetic substance. The effects of ethyl acetate anaesthesia were compared with those produced by carbon dioxide on adult green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). The biological parameters measured were longevity and fecundity. No signifi cant differences appeared between the two treatments and the control. Although further research is necessary, the use of ethyl acetate proves to be very promising and presents a valid alternative to the use of diethyl ether and, in many cases, also to carbon dioxide and chilling.Résumé. L'acétate d'éthyl : une alternative possible pourl'anesthésie des insectes. Pour l'anesthésie des insectes en laboratoire, on utilise souvent la réfrigération, l'éther ethylique ou le dioxyde de carbone. Aucune de ces méthode n'est toutefois sans problème. L'utilisation d'éther éthylique, en particulier, en dépit de sa simplicité, est maintenant limitée pour des raisons de sécurité. Les effets de l'acétate d'éthyl ont été comparés ici avec ceux induits par le dioxyde de carbone sur des adultes de chrysopes (Neuroptera : Chrysopidae). Les paramètres biologiques mesurés ont été la longévité et la fécondité. Aucune différence signifi cative n'est apparue entre les deux traitements et le contrôle. Bien que des recherches plus approfondies restent nécessaires, l'usage d'acétate d'éthyl se révèle très prometteur et il constitue une alternative valide à l'éther éthylique, et même au dioxyde de carbone et à la réfrigération.
Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) was accidentally introduced to North America and Europe, becoming a key pest of many important crops. In its native range, it is attacked by egg parasitoids, including Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead), considered to be the main species, and T. mitsukurii (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). Trissolcus japonicus was detected in North America in 2014 and Europe in 2017, while T. mitsukurii was detected in Australia in the early 20th century and in Europe in 2016. Both species now appear established in the new areas. The present study used the MaxEnt algorithm to clarify the geographic dimension of the potential interaction between H. halys and these two parasitoid species, and to indicate where the release of one or the other parasitoid species is more likely to be effective. We found that the suitability for the two parasitoids overlaps the H. halys native range completely. In invaded areas, T. japonicus showed higher potential habitat suitability at the global scale, compared to T. mitsukurii, and also higher potential suitability at lower latitudes at continental and national scales. These results can substantially improve the effectiveness of biological control against H. halys, by targeting the releases of parasitoids to the areas where each species is most likely to succeed.
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