Effects of an asynchronous alien host on a native host-parasitoid system

Budroni, Marcello A.; Loru, Laura; Pantaleoni, R. A.; Rustici, Mauro

doi:10.1016/j.ecocom.2018.01.001

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The possible consequences of phenological decoupling for some species of parasitoids are limited by the asynchrony of the alien host and the native species (oak cynipids are often bivoltine), which can determine population oscillations in the community of native parasitoid members as a result of the availability of the alien host (Budroni et al, 2018). In addition to intra-annual oscillations in the number of species, the possible consequences for a large number of adult parasitoids of native parasitoids (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental thermal levels affect the phenological relationships between the chestnut gall wasp and its parasitoids

2019

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Studies of thermal level‐related asynchrony in a host–parasitoid relationship are necessary to understand the effects of climate change on new host–parasitoid interactions. In the Asian chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) and its Chalcidoidea parasitoids, phenological synchrony is assumed to be weather‐dependent in a new area of expansion. To evaluate the effects of environmental thermal regimes on the host, a phenology model for different cynipid stages (larvae, pupae, adults, and adult emergence) and a host–parasitoid phenological estimator are developed in three chestnut fields during two successive growth seasons and subsequently validated in areas with chestnut fields at two different altitudes. Comparisons of the timings of the juvenile and adult stages with those of the parasitoid complex demonstrate that the shortest period of occurrence for cynipids within galls has negative effects on the host–parasitoid relationships at higher temperature levels, thereby increasing phenological asynchrony for some parasitoids species. Reducing the development time of pupae and adults decreases the likelihood of success for some parasitoid species at higher temperature levels. We also record the extension of the gall wasp development time (approximately 15 days) at higher altitudes (linked to a lower mean temperature of approximately 1.5 °C). These results highlight how parasitization on the new hosts is dependent on the host phenology and, in the present study, is limited by the short duration of the presence of the host in galls, which could explain the considerable differences in cynipid gall wasp parasitization recorded at different altimeters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clearly, the successful adaptation of a parasitoid to a new host requires synchrony between the adult parasitoid and the presence of vulnerable host life stages (Budroni et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental thermal levels affect the phenological relationships between the chestnut gall wasp and its parasitoids

2019

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“…However, according to model predictions this situation appeared as highly probable in some interaction systems with high dependence toward the lower trophic level and were populations at low abundances suffer from additive effects such as Allee effects [78]. Extinction of higher trophic levels within interacting systems because of phenological shifts has notably started to be documented for plant-insect systems such as plantpollinators [79,80], but is also expected to occur for straight linked trophic systems such as host-parasitoid ones [81].…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prey–predator phenological mismatch under climate change

Damien

Tougeron

2019

Current Opinion in Insect Science

117

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“…In recent years, ACGW has become widespread in Europe [39], and in all invaded areas it is parasitized by native parasitoids [40][41][42][43] associated to oak galls, for which ACGW represents a nonsaturated adaptation space. A large community of generalist parasitoids related to oak galls rapidly shifted to ACGW [28,41], with local variations in the composition that depends on phenological overlap and habitat features [13,18,44,45]. The composition of this parasitoid community depends on morphological traits of galls (i.e., size, shape, hardness) [30,46], on the developmental stage of the gall (i.e., young or fully formed), cline, and on the number of gall chambers [47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other factors that affect the composition of the parasitoid community include the phenology of the host and the parasitoid, the establishment date of the new invasive host species, and the characteristics of the habitat [18,48]. The successful adaptation of a parasitoid to a new host requires synchrony between the presence of adult parasitoids and of suitable host life stages [44].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term Thermal Changes Affect Parasitism on Asian Chestnut Gall Wasp

Bonsignore¹,

Vono²,

Bernardo³

2020

Preprint

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Thermal variations affect tri-trophic interactions involving plants, herbivores, and parasitoids, causing a mismatch between their phenological cycles. In the current environmental context of climate change, climatic factors can undergo profound and sudden changes, such as sudden hot or cold snaps. Here we show that episodes of short but sustained low temperatures have increased, mainly in the month of May, in the last two decades. We subjected galls induced by Asian chestnut gall wasp (ACGW) Dryocosmus kuriphilus to cold stress to assess if and how the pest and its parasitoids were affected. Over the course of two years seasonal parasitism, parasitism rates, the relative abundance of each parasitoid species, and mortality of ACGW were calculated. We found that the cold treatment affected both pest and parasitoids, resulting in a reduction in emerging ACGWs and differing ratios of species within the parasitoid community. The striking example was the change in the relative frequency of three species of Eupelmus spp. and of Mesopolobus tibialis, which doubled in thermally-stressed galls in all chestnut fields. The thermal effects on the development of the host and the direct effects of cold temperatures on the surface of galls (i.e., humidity or hardness of the galls) warrant further research in this direction.

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Effects of an asynchronous alien host on a native host-parasitoid system

Cited by 7 publications

References 50 publications

Environmental thermal levels affect the phenological relationships between the chestnut gall wasp and its parasitoids

Environmental thermal levels affect the phenological relationships between the chestnut gall wasp and its parasitoids

Prey–predator phenological mismatch under climate change

Short-term Thermal Changes Affect Parasitism on Asian Chestnut Gall Wasp

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