Ethyl acetate: a possible alternative for anaesthetizing insects

Loru, Laura; Sassu, Antonio; Fois, Xenia; Pantaleoni, R. A.

doi:10.1080/00379271.2010.10697677

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…3d ), which is consistent with the results obtained in SSR experiments. Ethyl acetate is known to be toxic for insects and was therefore only tested at a very low concentration 50 – 52 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neofunctionalization of “Juvenile Hormone Esterase Duplication” in Drosophila as an odorant-degrading enzyme towards food odorants

Steiner

Bozzolan

Montagné

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Odorant degrading enzymes (ODEs) are thought to be responsible, at least in part, for olfactory signal termination in the chemosensory system by rapid degradation of odorants in the vicinity of the receptors. A carboxylesterase, specifically expressed in Drosophila antennae, called “juvenile hormone esterase duplication (JHEdup)” has been previously reported to hydrolyse different fruit esters in vitro. Here we functionally characterize JHEdup in vivo. We show that the jhedup gene is highly expressed in large basiconic sensilla that have been reported to detect several food esters. An electrophysiological analysis demonstrates that ab1A olfactory neurons of jhedup mutant flies exhibit an increased response to certain food acetates. Furthermore, mutant flies show a higher sensitivity towards the same odorants in behavioural assays. A phylogenetic analysis reveals that jhedup arose as a duplication of the juvenile hormone esterase gene during the evolution of Diptera, most likely in the ancestor of Schizophora, and has been conserved in all the 12 sequenced Drosophila species. Jhedup exhibits also an olfactory-predominant expression pattern in other Drosophila species. Our results support the implication of JHEdup in the degradation of food odorants in D. melanogaster and propose a neofunctionalization of this enzyme as a bona fide ODE in Drosophilids.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neofunctionalization of “Juvenile Hormone Esterase Duplication” in Drosophila as an odorant-degrading enzyme towards food odorants

Steiner

Bozzolan

Montagné

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…The halogenated ether, isoflurane, is also widely used, including on insects, where it acts upon voltage-gated K + channels (Barber et al, 2012; McMillan et al, 2017). Ethyl acetate is another insect anaesthetic (Loru et al, 2010); however, its mode of action is unknown. Here, we tested the effect of these anaesthetics on different preparations of the light organ and found low to zero response to any other than CO 2 , casting doubt on the concept of anaesthesia releasing neural repression of light output.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Carbon Dioxide-induced Bioluminescence Increase inArachnocampaLarvae

Charlton

Merritt

2020

Preprint

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Arachnocampa larvae utilise bioluminescence to lure small arthropod prey into their web-like silk snares. The luciferin-luciferase light-producing reaction occurs in a specialised light organ composed of Malpighian tubule cells in association with a tracheal mass. The accepted model for bioluminescence regulation is that light is actively repressed during the non-glowing period and released when glowing through the night. The model is based upon foregoing observations that carbon dioxide (CO2) – a commonly-used insect anaesthetic – produces elevated light output in whole, live larvae as well as isolated light organs. Alternative anaesthetics were reported to have a similar light-releasing effect. We set out to test this model in Arachnocampa flava larvae by exposing them to a range of anaesthetics and gas mixtures. The anaesthetics isoflurane, ethyl acetate, and diethyl ether did not produce high bioluminescence responses in the same way as CO2. Ligation and dissection experiments localised the CO2 response to the light organ rather than it being a response to general anaesthesia. Exposure to hypoxia through the introduction of nitrogen gas combined with CO2 exposures highlighted that continuity between the longitudinal tracheal trunks and the light organ tracheal mass is necessary for recovery of the CO2-induced light response. The physiological basis of the CO2-induced bioluminescence increase remains unresolved but is most likely related to access of oxygen to the photocytes. The results suggest that the repression model for bioluminescence control can be rejected. An alternative is proposed based on neural upregulation modulating bioluminescence intensity.Summary StatementCO2 was thought to act as an anaesthetic producing elevated bioluminescence in Arachnocampa. Here we show it acts directly on the light organ and does not act as an anaesthetic.

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“…The specimens were collected from Jinju, Korea in 2018 by the Animal Systematics and Taxonomy Laboratory at Kyungpook National University. During the experiment, the specimens were gently anesthetized using the ethyl acetate anesthesia method [48].…”

Section: Preparation Of Haemaphysalis Longicornis Tick Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-destructive morphological observation of anatomical growth process in Haemaphysalis Longicornis tick specimens using optical coherence tomography

Lee

Wijesinghe

Jeon

et al. 2022

THC

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BACKGROUND: Ticks are known as the representatives of hematophagous arachnids. They cause various tick-borne diseases, such as severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) and Lyme disease. To understand the mechanism of virus infection caused by ticks, morphology for the anatomical characteristics of crucial organs has been widely studied in acarological fields. The conventional methods used for tick observation have inevitable limitations. Dissection is the standard method to obtain the morphological information, and complex microscopy methods were utilized alternatively. OBJECTIVE: The study goal is to obtain the morphological information of ticks in different growth stages non-invasively. METHODS: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is employed to acquire structural images of various internal organs without damage for observing the growth process of larva, nymph, and adult in Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks in real-time. RESULTS: Various internal organs, such as salivary glands, rectal sac, genital aperture, and anus, were well-visualized by the OCT enface and cross-sectional images, and the variation in size of these organs in each growth stage was compared quantitatively. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the obtained results, we confirmed the potential feasibility of OCT as a non-destructive real-time tool for morphological studies in acarology. Further research using OCT for acarological applications can include monitoring the growth process of ticks in terms of structural changes and investigating morphological differences between normal and virus-infected tick specimens.

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Ethyl acetate: a possible alternative for anaesthetizing insects

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Neofunctionalization of “Juvenile Hormone Esterase Duplication” in Drosophila as an odorant-degrading enzyme towards food odorants

Neofunctionalization of “Juvenile Hormone Esterase Duplication” in Drosophila as an odorant-degrading enzyme towards food odorants

The Carbon Dioxide-induced Bioluminescence Increase inArachnocampaLarvae

Non-destructive morphological observation of anatomical growth process in Haemaphysalis Longicornis tick specimens using optical coherence tomography

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