This is a short review of the state of the art concerning diversity of aquatic macrophytes and the main aquatic vegetation types in the Brazilian Pantanal wetland and upper watershed. There are ca. 280 species of aquatic macrophytes on the Pantanal floodplain, with scarce endemism. On the upper watershed, Cerrado wetlands (veredas) and limestone springs have a distinct flora from the Pantanal, with twice the species richness. As a representative case of aquatic habitats influenced by river flood, some primary data are presented for the Pantanal Matogrossense National Park and associated Acurizal Preserve, analysing the floristic similarity among aquatic vegetation types. We comment on problems of conservation and observe that Panicum elephantipes Nees is one of the few natives to compete with the invasive Urochloa arrecta (Hack. ex T. Durand & Schinz) Morrone & Zuloaga.Keywords: flora, aquatic plants, floodplain, savanna, vereda. Diversidade de macrófitas aquáticas do Pantanal e alta bacia ResumoEsta é uma breve revisão sobre o estado do conhecimento sobre as macrófitas aquáticas e os principais tipos de vegetação do Pantanal brasileiro e da alta bacia. A flora da planície inundável é de aproximadamente 280 espécies, com escasso endemismo. Na alta bacia, as áreas úmidas do Cerrado (veredas) e nascentes em calcário têm flora distinta do Pantanal, com o dobro da riqueza de espécies. Como um caso representativo de ambientes aquáticos influenciados por inundação fluvial, são apresentados alguns dados primários do Parque Nacional do Pantanal mato-grossense e da Reserva Acurizal associada, analisando-se a similaridade florística entre tipos de vegetação aquática e comentandose os problemas de conservação na região, onde foi observado que a espécie Panicum elephantipes Nees é uma das poucas nativas que competem com a invasora Urochloa arrecta (Hack. ex T. Durand & Schinz) Morrone & Zuloaga.Palavras-chave: flora, plantas aquáticas, campo úmido, savana, vereda.

Desmodium is characterized mainly by lilac flowers arranged in pseudoracemose inflorescences, stamens monadelphous or diadelphous and a lomentaceous fruit generally covered by uncinate hairs. A taxonomic revision of the Brazilian species was carried out based on the analysis of 3,000 herbarium specimens, including all nomeclatural types. Field trips to the most species-rich areas of Desmodium in Brazil were undertaken, resulting in the sampling of 29 out of the 34 species recognised for  the country. We recognise 101 names as synonyms, 27 of which are new. Lectotypes were designated for 60 accepted names and synonyms, and two neotypes and one epitype were chosen. A new combination is proposed for Meibomia microcarpa, as well as a new name for Meibomia guaranitica var. microcarpa. Desmodium album is a new  record for Brazil, and D. craspediferum, D. glabrescens and D. juruenense, previously known only by type collections, were recollected during this study. All species are described, mapped and illustrated. An identification key, and comments on taxonomy and nomenclature are provided.

The shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora.

ResumoEste estudo consiste do tratamento taxonômico das Leguminosae arbóreas das florestas estacionais do Parque Estadual do Itacolomi (PEI). As coletas de material botânico ocorreram mensalmente, entre setembro de 2004 e novembro de 2005, ao longo de oito trilhas distribuídas em áreas de florestas estacionais submontana, montana e altimontana. O levantamento resultou em 39 táxons reunidos em 22 gêneros e distribuídos entre as três subfamílias: Caesalpinioideae (9 espécies), Mimosoideae (17) e Papilionoideae (13). Os gêneros mais representativos foram Inga (8 espécies), Machaerium (4), Senna e Dalbergia (3, cada), Abarema, Anadenanthera e Tachigali (2, cada). Bauhinia, Cassia, Copaifera, Melanoxylon, Calliandra, Mimosa, Piptadenia, Pseudopiptadenia, Stryphnodendron, Andira, Bowdichia, Ormosia, Platypodium, Pterocarpus e Swartzia apresentaram uma espécie cada. Ormosia friburgensis e Tachigali friburgensis são registradas pela primeira vez para o estado de Minas Gerais. São fornecidos chave de identificação, descrições, ilustrações, dados fenológicos, comentários taxonômicos e preferência por habitats de cada táxon no PEI. Palavras-chave: Fabaceae, leguminosas, Mata Atlântica, taxonomia. Abstract This study presents the taxonomic treatment of woody Leguminosae in seasonal forests of Itacolomi State Park (PEI). Botanical material was collected monthly, from September 2004 to November 2005, along eight trails in submontane, montane and upper montane seasonal forests. Woody Leguminosae were represented by 39 taxa in 22 genera distributed among the three subfamilies: Cesalpinioideae (9 species), Mimosoideae (17), and Papilionoideae (13). The most representative genera were Inga (8 species), followed by Machaerium (4), Senna and Dalbergia (3 each), Abarema, Anadenanthera, and Tachigali (2 each). Bauhinia, Cassia, Copaifera, Melanoxylon, Calliandra, Mimosa, Piptadenia, Pseudopiptadenia, Stryphnodendron, Andira, Bowdichia, Ormosia, Platypodium, Pterocarpus, and Swartzia were represented by one species each. Ormosia friburgensis and Tachigali friburgensis are reported for the first time in Minas Gerais state. Analytical key, descriptions, illustrations, data on phenology, and comments on taxonomy and preferred habitat in PEI are provided for all taxa.

This study identified patterns of geographic distribution of 102 Leguminosae taxa within the Park, based on literature data and herbarium specimens. Among the taxa, 38 grow exclusively in Campos Rupestres (rocky fields) and 49 in the Semideciduous Forest. Eleven patterns of geographic distribution were identified, of which the West-East-Central South America pattern was the most representative, with 27 taxa. Of the 102 sampled taxa of Leguminosae, five are endemic to the Espinhaço Range and ten are included in lists of endangered species of the flora of Brazil and Minas Gerais. Information on these taxa is crucial to provide conservation practices for conserving the vegetation formations of the PEIT.

RESUMO (12) and species (18). The most representative genus was Senna with three species, followed by Bauhinia, Acacia, Inga, Piptadenia, Crotalaria, Dalbergia, Desmodium and Machaerium with two species each. Calliandra, Mimosa, Aeschynomene, Chaetocalyx, Camptosema, Clitoria, Dioclea, Indigofera, Poiretia, Trifolium and Vigna were represented by just one species. Identification key, descriptions, illustrations and comments about phenology, taxonomy and distribution are provided.

Iguaçu National Park represents the largest fragment of Inland Atlantic Rainforest of Paraná state. The vegetation is predominantly seasonal semideciduous forest, in the areas of Foz do Iguaçu and Capanema and a transition of this with Araucaria forest, in the Céu Azul area. This work aimed to recognize the genera and species of Rubiaceae occurring in the Park, through monthly collections from August 2013 to July 2014, supplemented with sporadic collections from May 2018 to April 2019. Thirty-five species were recorded, belonging to 19 genera. The most representative genera were Palicourea and Psychotria with five species, Galianthe, Manettia, Borreria with three, Geophila and Coccocypselum with two, and the other genera with only one species each. The areas with the major species richness were Foz do Iguaçu, with 24, of which four are exclusive to this area, followed by Céu Azul with 22 species, of which eight are exclusive. Of the 35 species recorded, seven occur in all areas and in both forest formations, seven occur only in the Araucaria forest area, and 20 occur only in the seasonal semideciduous forest. Borreria orientalis is highlighted due to its restricted distribution in Brazil, occurring only in Paraná, and Manettia tweedieana is considered endangered.

Resumo O Chaco é maior domínio de florestas contínuas da América do Sul e agrega distintas famílias botânicas com destaque à Leguminosae. A elevada riqueza e diversidade de membros de Leguminosae, sobretudo de Papilionoideae, aliada à distribuição de determinados gêneros comuns às florestas secas tem motivado a investigação deste interessante grupo de plantas nas formações chaquenhas do Brasil. Este estudo florístico-taxonômico fornece chave de identificação, descrições morfológicas, ilustrações, comentários taxonômicos e ambientes preferenciais das espécies de Papilionoideae ocorrentes no Chaco do Brasil. Confirmamos a ocorrência de 45 espécies, distribuídas em 21 gêneros. Os gêneros com maior número de espécies são Aeschynomene (10), Galactia (4), Indigofera (4), Stylosanthes (4) e Desmodium (3). Os demais encontram-se representados por duas ou uma espécie: Arachis (2), Centrosema (2), Macroptilium (2), Rhynchosia (2), Amburana (1), Ancistrotropis (1), Camptosema (1), Crotalaria (1), Discolobium (1), Dolichopsis (1), Geoffroea (1), Machaerium (1) e Muellera (1), Sesbania (1), Tephrosia (1) e Zornia (1). Espécies dos gêneros Muellera, Dolichopsis e Geoffroea são exclusivas de áreas secas da América do Sul. Aeschynomene magna é registrada pela primeira vez para o Brasil, e considerada endêmica do Chaco. Stylosanthes maracajuensis é o primeiro registro para o Chaco.