345Pesq. Vet. Bras. 31(4): 345-349, abril 2011 RESUMO.-O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a recuperação funcional de 37 cães com diagnóstico de doença do disco intervertebral (DDIV) toracolombar, sem percepção da dor profunda superior a 48 horas e não submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico. Os dados identificados foram: raça, idade, sexo, localização da lesão, perda da percepção da dor profunda, duração dos sinais clínicos, recuperação funcional, retorno da percepção da dor profunda, recidivas, eutanásias ou morte. Foi observada recuperação funcional em 11 cães (55%), sendo seis deles entre 30 e 60 dias após o início dos sinais clínicos. Dos onze cães que tiveram recuperação funcional satisfatória, dois (18%) não tiveram retorno da percepção à dor profunda. Pode-se concluir que cães com diagnóstico de DDIV sem percepção à dor profunda superior a 48 horas e não submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico podem apresentar recuperação funcional satisfatória e são necessários, no mínimo, 30 dias do início dos sinais clínicos para estabelecer um prognóstico quanto ao retorno dos movimentos voluntários.TERMOS DE INDEXAÇÃO: Doenças de cães, doença do disco intervertebral, paraplegia, recuperação funcional, neurologia. INTRODUÇÃOAs discopatias constituem uma das causas mais comuns de disfunção neurológica em cães, ocasionadas pela protusão (Hansen II) ou extrusão (Hansen I) de material do disco intervertebral para o interior do canal vertebral com subsequente Recuperação funcional em cães com doença do disco intervertebral toracolombar sem percepção à dor profunda: 37 casos
Pesq. Vet. Bras. 32(3):243-246, março 2012 243 RESUMO.-O objetivo deste estudo retrospectivo foi avaliar a recuperação funcional de cães paraplégicos sem percepção à dor profunda (PDP) com doença do disco intervertebral (DDIV) toracolombar submetidos à hemilaminectomia dorsolateral. Foram incluídos somente cães com DDIV entre os segmentos da medula espinhal T3 e L3, que estavam pa- This retrospective study was to evaluate the functional recovery of paraplegic dogs without deep pain perception (DPP) with intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) submitted to dorsolateral hemilaminectomy. Only dogs with IVDD between spinal cord segments T3 and L3, which were paraplegic without DPP and were submitted to decompressive surgery were included in the study. Satisfactory functional recovery was observed in 73.3% of the dogs (n=11). Recovery time after surgery was one day (one dog), between 15 and 30 days (seven dogs) and over 30 days 30 days 3 dogs). The duration of the lack of DPP before surgery was 12-48 hours, in ϐive recovered dogs and over 48 hours in six recovered dogs It can be concluded that paraplegic dogs with thoracolumbar IVD and lack of DPP may present satisfactory functional recovery when submitted to surgical treatment even when the absence of deep pain perception has settled for more than 48 hours. Further research is needed to better evaluate the effectiveness of surgical treatment, mainly for dogs with lack of DPP over 48 hours.INDEX TERMS: Diseases of dogs, intervertebral disc disease, paraplegia, functional recovery, neurology, neurosurgery.
The study evaluated the influence of immediate physical therapy on the functional recovery of hind limbs of dogs with experimental cranial cruciate ligament rupture which underwent surgical extracapsular stabilization as well as to verify its interference in joint stability. Eight dogs were randomly divided into two groups: GI (control) (n=4) and GII (physical therapy) (n=4). The dogs in GII underwent the following therapeutic treatments in the postoperative period: cryotherapy, passive joint movement, massage, passive straightening, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, hydrotherapy (bath and aquatic mat) and therapeutic exercises. We performed evaluations of the thigh circumference, goniometry, X-ray, and knee stability (drawer test). Results did not demonstrate a significant difference between the groups nor between different post-operative times. Regarding gait analysis, we found that the 4 dogs in GI remained in degree 3 of lameness 45 and 90 days postoperatively. However, in GII, one dog remained in degree 3 45 and 90 days after surgery; one dog changed from degree 3 to 4 90 days after surgery and the other 2 dogs changed from degree 3 to 5 90 days after surgery. It is possible to conclude that dogs with CCL rupture that undergo immediate physical therapy demonstrate better results in regards to functional gait recovery. The therapeutic modalities used in the immediate postoperative period did not cause instability of the operated knee. Further studies are needed with a larger number of dogs to indicate the immediate physical therapy in dogs with CCL ligament rupture which underwent extracapsular stabilization.Keywords: dog, knee, surgery, physiotherapy, trauma RESUMO Avaliou-se a influência da fisioterapia imediata na recuperação funcional do membro pélvico de cães com ruptura experimental do ligamento cruzado cranial (LCC) submetidos à estabilização cirúrgica extracapsular e verificou-se sua interferência na estabilidade articular. Foram utilizados oito cães distribuídos, aleatoriamente, em GI ou controle (n=4) e GII ou fisioterapia (n=4). Nos cães do GII, as modalidades terapêuticas empregadas no pós-operatório foram crioterapia
Background: In cases of patellar tendon ruptures, there is a need for primary repair by sutures aiming to restore the extensor mechanism of the knee and prevent degenerative sequelae. Even though the need for temporary immobilization of the joint reconstruction surgeries involving tendons and ligaments, seeks to avoid or minimize the undesirable effects of disuse without any interference at the surgical site. Thus, the objective of this research was to propose a model of joint immobilization adjustable in dogs undergoing patellar tenorrhaphy to allow, in the immediate postoperative period, the achievement of physical therapy modalities without interfering with the healing of the involved structures.Materials, Methods & Results: The dogs were randomly divided into two groups called fixed immobilization or GF (6 dogs) and adjustable or GA (5 dogs) immobilization. Once on plane and restrained in dorsal decubitus, lateral incision was performed on the right knee in dogs GF and GA for total section of the patellar tendon at its insertion 10 mm at the tibial crest. Immediately, it was made with tenorrhaphy modified Kessler suture pattern using monofilament nylon wire nº 1, followed by a Wolff point involving modified Kessler suture with the same type of wire. In both groups, the joint was immobilized femorotibiopatelar percutaneous external fixation biplanar at an angle of 110° for 30 days. The groups differed by the material used to connect the percutaneous pins, being employed in the GF acrylic resin, and in GA dogs was made adjustable apparatus which consisted of two stainless steel plates with rounded ends with three equally spaced holes 2.5 mm between them in the central part of the plate and the edge of 6mm, which is joined with the other plate by a nut and bolt and allowing to adjust the desired angle of the device. Were utilized four Steinmann pins 2.5 mm, two in the femur and two tibia, introduced perpendicularly to the bone. The assembled apparatus was encased in percutaneous pins and stuck with stainless steel nuts and lock washers causing immobilization of the knee joint, however adjustable in the period of application of physiotherapy protocol. The results demonstrated a reduction in measures in the period of 30 days, indicating that there was muscle atrophy. At 60 days post-operative values demonstrating increased muscle mass gain probably the bearing of the affected limb to the ground. In this study, was possible to observe that the values at 60 days did not return to the same found preoperatively, and the dogs GF and GA were on average 92.19% of the initial values. As for gait analysis, all dogs GF and GA were grade 5, 1 and 3 of lameness in the preoperative period and after 30 and 60 days after surgery, respectively.Discussion: The joint immobilization in dogs submitted to tenorrhaphy is required, however, the member cannot be used properly, which can lead to sequelae such as muscle atrophy from disuse and especially joint blockage. Currently in human medicine assisted rehabilitation in the immediate post-operative recovery involving the reconstruction of tendons and ligaments, without the need for joint immobilization is required, because patients are instructed to restrict the movements postoperatively. In veterinary medicine, however, it becomes risky this type of conduct, especially the lack of control the movements made by animals, arousing interest in this research to propose joint that could be undone each day to allow implementation of a method of immobilization physiotherapy and at the end of the session, the joint was immobilized again. According to the results, we can conclude that the temporary immobilization with adjustable articulating fixator in dogs submitted to patellar tenorrhaphy allows the use of a physical therapy protocol during the period of immobilization, without interfering with the healing of tendon anastomosis.
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