The objectives were to analyze the prevalence of arterial hypertension reported by Brazilian adults over 20 years of age and verify associated socioeconomic variables in three time periods. The data are from the Brazilian National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in 1998 (196,439 participants), 2003 (231,921), and 2008 (250,664). The outcome was self-reported arterial hypertension. The principal exposures were income in Reais and schooling in years. Data analysis used Poisson regression with robust variance with control for complex samples. Higher prevalence of arterial hypertension was associated with lower schooling, regardless of the survey year and gender. Low income was associated with higher prevalence of arterial hypertension, regardless of years of schooling, in the overall sample and in women. In men, this effect was not observed in 1998 and 2003. In 2008, high-income men showed higher prevalence of arterial hypertension, suggesting effect modification. Thus, the current study pointed to an increase in prevalence rates for arterial hypertension in the three periods, highlighting the inverse association with socioeconomic factors.
Ebselen has a wide spectrum of interesting therapeutic actions including antioxidant, cytoprotective, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities. Since its antioxidant effect is very well known, this paper links the effects of ebselen in redox cellular status to its possible involvement in the maintenance of the integrity of genomic information by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains proficient and deficient in antioxidant defences and the mammalian V79 cell line. Using the alkaline comet assay, we showed that 5-10 microM ebselen does not induce DNA damage in V79 cells. Similarly, these same concentrations diminished the extent of the DNA damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). The modified comet assay using DNA glycosylases (formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase and endonuclease II) showed that after pre-treatment with ebselen followed by exposure to H(2)O(2), oxidative damage as recognized by these enzymes was significantly lower. In the same way, ebselen showed strong activity against H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative damage in the anti-mutagenic assay using S. cerevisiae N123 strain and in the antioxidative assay by using S. cerevisiae strains lacking antioxidant defences. This antioxidant effect was more pronounced for the gpx3 delta mutant, which indicated that ebselen acts by mimicking the GPx3 catalytic activity. The results confirm that ebselen is involved in antioxidant defence and that its antioxidant ability contributes to its anti-mutagenic and anti-genotoxic action.
RESUMO A pandemia do novo coronavírus (Covid-19) é uma realidade no Brasil e no mundo com potencial para desencadear sintomas psicológicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura sobre saúde mental e pandemias. Foram cruzados os unitermos “saúde mental AND Covid-19 OR coronavírus OR pandemias AND intervenções em saúde mental OR psicotrópicos OR sintomatologia psiquiátrica OR psicopatologias OR fator de proteção em saúde mental” nas bases Scientific Electronic Library Online, Centro Latino-Americano e do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde e National Library of Medicine (PubMed), resultando em 1.642 artigos publicados em português, inglês e espanhol, no período de 2015 a 2020. Foram selecionados 43 artigos, de acordo com critérios de inclusão e exclusão, e todos foram publicados em 2020, referindo-se ao primeiro ano da pandemia de Covid-19. Sintomas depressivos e ansiosos, estresse e insônia foram frequentemente relatados e estiveram relacionados a ser profissional da saúde, adulto jovem, mulher; ter menor escolaridade e renda, histórico de doença crônica ou transtorno psiquiátrico e maior exposição nas mídias. Algumas intervenções psicológicas podem ser utilizadas para minimizar os impactos negativos da pandemia de Covid-19. Além disto, fatores de proteção podem ser explorados para reduzir os prejuízos na saúde mental dos indivíduos e das coletividades.
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