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Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic inflammatory disease concerning insulin-producing β-cells destroyed by the conjoined action of auto reactive T cells, inflammatory cytokines and monocytic cells. Recent proof favors crucial role of cellular autoimmunity as well as its mediators in pathogenesis and following T1DM. We aimed to investigate whether IL-1α, IL-1β, or IL-10 an easily available inflammatory marker is associated with T1DM. Results: The onset of T1DM was accompanied with elevation serum levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-10. ROC curve revealed that IL10 > 5.95 pg/ml predicted T1DM with sensitivity and specificity of 96% and 90%, respectively. Conclusion: The raise of serum inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-10 of the patient may be exploited as potential markers for development of T1DM. The study proposes that level of inflammatory markers is upregulated in T1DM individual in an age-dependent manner and suggesting activation of the inflammatory immune response system.

Background: This study investigates the effects of nano-curcumin on gene expression of insulin and insulin receptor in diabetic rats. Forty female rats were divided into four groups (ten rats for each). The first group was non-diabetic rats acting as negative control and rats of the second group were rendered diabetic by STZ served as positive controls. The third one was induced diabetic and received oral Diamicron for 3 weeks. The fourth was rendered diabetic and administrated oral nano-curcumin for 3 weeks. Results: A significant increase of blood glucose was showed in diabetic rats with significant reduction of insulin level compared to non-diabetic controls. The gene expression of insulin and insulin receptor were more significant in diabetic untreated rats compared to the control non-diabetic group. The induction of curcumin as well as Diamicron to diabetic rats normalized significantly their blood sugar level. Also, curcumin-treated rats indicated significant higher in gene expression of insulin and insulin receptor than positive and negative controls. Conclusion: The results suggest that nano-curcumin could be used as antidiabetic therapy, induced hypoglycemia, and increase the gene expression of insulin and insulin receptor in STZ-induced diabetic rats. More studies are needed to illustrate the definite mechanism of action of nano-curcumin concerning the upregulation of gene expression of the above-mentioned genes.

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A new series of bis-chalcones 5-10 has been prepared by the condensation reaction of one equivalent of bis(acetophenones) 3a-f with two equivalents of 1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde 4. The newly prepared compounds 5-10 have been fully characterized and evaluated as in vitro anticancer agents against a panel of human cancer cell lines A431, A549, PC3, and a normal human skin fibroblast BJ1. Aims: the current work designed to explore anti-cancer activity of novel bis-chalcones incorporating 1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol moiety. Background: Chalcones represent one of the most important organic compounds that have been attracting the interest of many researchers in drug discovery. Objective: The present study was carried out to explore anti-cancer activity of novel bis-chalcones incorporating 1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol moiety as in vitro and in silico studies. Materials and Methods: condensation reactions, MTT Assay, Anticancer activity, Gene expression, DNA Fragmentation, DNA Damage and Molecular Docking study. Results: Compounds 5 and 9 were found to be the most promising compounds in the prepared series with IC50 (50.3 and 50.1 µg/ml, respectively,) against epidermoid cancer cell line A431 compared to doxorubicin as a reference drug Conclusion: All of these results showed that chalcones 5 and 9 have promising anti-cancer properties without cytotoxic effect, which could make it a promising active component with further studies).

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Background and aims Gestational diabetes mellitus is well-defined as glucose intolerance first documented during pregnancy. In this study, we examined the possible associations between I/D polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene, the M235T variant of angiotensinogen gene, and the rs7950226 polymorphism of the ARNT-like protein-1 (BMAL1) gene and the risk for diabetes in Egyptian pregnant women. Subjects and methods This study recruited 160 gestational diabetes cases and 165 controls. Genomic DNA was derived from peripheral blood leukocytes and ACE gene (I/D) genotyping was performed using the method of polymerase chain reaction and the polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism was used for identifying the M235T variant of AGT gene and the rs7950226 polymorphism of the BMAL1. Results The II, ID, and DD genotypes of the ACE gene have significant differences in cases compared to controls (P = 0.000 and X2 = 81.77). The M235T polymorphism of the AGT gene was increased with gestational diabetes risk. Furthermore, the AA genotype of the BMAL1 rs7950226 gene was significantly related to the gestational diabetes risk (P = 0.000 and X2 = 52.82). Furthermore, the allele frequencies of the three variants have significant variances between cases and control. Conclusion This study suggested significant associations between ACE (DD), AGT (TT), and BMAL1 rs7950226 (AA) gene polymorphisms with gestational diabetes susceptibility and there was a possibility to identify that II + MM + GG as protective haplotypes and DD + TT + AA as risk haplotypes for gestational diabetes.