“…Studies of diabetic mellitus rats demonstrate that running exercise increases the irisin level, glycemic control, bone mass and muscle strength, probable due to the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and decreased systemic inflammatory process (Andrade et al, 2018;Yang et al, 2018;Sadeghipour et al, 2020). Irisin levels are indicated significantly correlated negatively with HbA1c, years of diabetes, and positively associated with better glycemic control and bone health in TD1M children (Kurdiova et al, 2014;Faienza et al, 2018;Gouda et al, 2018). Furthermore, persistent subcutaneous perfusion of irisin improves insulin sensitivity, reduces fasting glycemia by inhibiting gluconeogenesis via phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine/threonine kinase (Akt)/forkhead box transcription factor O1 (FOXO1) mediated phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) (Liu et al, 2015).…”