Fuzzy rule-based systems (FRBSs) are a well-known method family within soft computing. They are based on fuzzy concepts to address complex real-world problems. We present the R package frbs which implements the most widely used FRBS models, namely, Mamdani and Takagi Sugeno Kang (TSK) ones, as well as some common variants. In addition a host of learning methods for FRBSs, where the models are constructed from data, are implemented. In this way, accurate and interpretable systems can be built for data analysis and modeling tasks. In this paper, we also provide some examples on the usage of the package and a comparison with other common classification and regression methods available in R.

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Bandung, the capital of West Java, is the province with the largest population in Indonesia.Urban development is then interrelated with the number, structure, dynamics of the population, also the size of the area. The pattern of population distribution is an important point for the government in determining a City's Spatial Plan. Thus, this study aims to build a mapping system for population distribution and prediction in Bandung City, Indonesia. It will be very beneficial for the government, especially in making decisions for planning an area. The system implemented using the Google Maps platform APIs and the method of calculating Geometric models and processed data is data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics of the city of Bandung in the form of a sub-district catalogue in the reprocessed numbers. The results of the data processing are visualized into the Geographic Information System Web with information features in the form of population mapping, density, and prediction of the future population for each sub-district in the city of Bandung. Based on the results of testing the implementation of the Geometry model with the Black box method, the system's functionality has shown the appropriate results.

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Analysis of ball-milling process under various conditions (i.e. working volume, milling time, and material load) on the material properties (i.e. chemical composition, as well as particle size and morphology), product yield, and electricity consumption was investigated. Turmeric (curcuma longa) was used as a model of size-reduced organic material due to its thermally and chemically stability, and fragile. Thus, clear examination on the size-reduction phenomenon during the milling process can be done without considering any reaction as well as time-consuming process. Results showed that working volume is prospective to control the characteristics of product. Working volume manages the shear stress and the collision phenomena during the process. Specifically, the lower working volume led to the production of particles with blunt-edged morphology and sizes of several micrometers. Although working volume is potentially used for managing the final particle size, this parameter has a direct impact to the product yield and electricity consumption. Adjustment of the milling time is also important due to its relation to breaking material and electrical consumption.

This  study  aimed  to  design  a  batik  learning  medium  for vocational high school students in based on multiplatform. The application  made was expected  to support heutagogy approach – based learning and to deal with the development of  science  and  technology  integrated  in  the  curriculum  of vocational high schools. The application developed, namely e-botik,  was  an  integration  of  several  previously-designed applications using Code ignitor (CI) framework. The database used was My-SQL. It is commonly known that Code igniter is an open source web application framework utilized to create dynamic PHP applications. In this study, e-botik consisted of three main  components  including interface, database,  and application  programming  interface  (API).  Some  of  the applications combined were ARtikon_joyful (Android-based), Video Kasumedangan Batik (movie player), Nalungtik  Batik (desktop-based),  Digi_Learnik  (web-based),  Batik  UPI (manual),  Batik  Cireundeu  (manual),  and  Lembar  Balik (manual). The combination proceeded web-based so that it was  compatible  with  various  operating  systems.  The application (e-botik) was designed and then tested. The test was  performed  through  whitebox  testing  and  blackbox testing. The results of the test showed that it ran well and was able to be used a batik learning media. It is expected that students  can  utilize  e-botik  in  selecting  topics  of  learning batik in accordance with their competences and needs. This condition enables e-botik to support learning batik through heutagogical approach. In addition, the application was also validated in terms of both system and usage aspects.

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The purpose of this study was to demonstrate a simple, rapid analysis, portab le, and inexpensive spectrophotometer. Different from other spectrophotometers, the present instrument consisted of a single white light-emmiting-diode (LED) as a light source, a light sensor, and arduino electronic card as an acquisition system. To maintain a constant light intensity, a common white -color LED emitting a 450-620 nm continous spectrum was employed. Software was written in C++ to control photometer through a USB interface and for data acquistion to the computer. The instrument is designed to b e simple and compacted with sizes of 200 x 130 x 150 mm for length, width, and height, respectively. The analysis of the total cost isab out less than 500 USD, while commercially available offers price of more than 10,000 USD. Thus, this makes the present instrument feasib le for teaching support media in developing countries. The effectiveness of the present spectrophotometer for analyzing solution concentration (i.e. curcumin) was also demonstrated. Interestingly, the present spectrophotometer is ab le to measure the concentration of curcumin precisely with an accuracy of more than 90%. Different from commercially availab le standard UV-visib le spectrophotometers that have limitations in the analysis of concentration of less than 50 ppm, the present system can measure the concentration with no limitation since the mea surement is b ased on the LED light b eing penetrated.