Working Volume and Milling Time on the Product Size/Morphology, Product Yield, and Electricity Consumption in the Ball-Milling Process of Organic Material

Abstract

Analysis of ball-milling process under various conditions (i.e. working volume, milling time, and material load) on the material properties (i.e. chemical composition, as well as particle size and morphology), product yield, and electricity consumption was investigated. Turmeric (curcuma longa) was used as a model of size-reduced organic material due to its thermally and chemically stability, and fragile. Thus, clear examination on the size-reduction phenomenon during the milling process can be done without considering any reaction as well as time-consuming process. Results showed that working volume is prospective to control the characteristics of product. Working volume manages the shear stress and the collision phenomena during the process. Specifically, the lower working volume led to the production of particles with blunt-edged morphology and sizes of several micrometers. Although working volume is potentially used for managing the final particle size, this parameter has a direct impact to the product yield and electricity consumption. Adjustment of the milling time is also important due to its relation to breaking material and electrical consumption.

How to Read and Interpret FTIR Spectroscope of Organic Material

“…The washed LR was then dried at 70°C for about 15 minutes in the electrical drier. The dried LR was then put into a batch-typed sawmilling apparatus, in which the saw-milling process was explained in our previous study (Nandiyanto et al, 2018a). Then, for evaluating the formation of carbon particles from LR, 0.360 g of saw-milled LR was put into an electrical furnace and heated in the atmospheric condition under a fixed condition: a heating rate of 50°C/min and a holding time at a specific temperature for 30 min.…”

Adsorption Isotherm of Carbon Microparticles Prepared from Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) Seeds for Dye Removal

“…The carbonized pumpkin seeds were then put into the saw-milling process for re-grounding the particles to obtain carbon microparticles. Detailed procedure for the saw-milling process is explained in our previous study [35].…”

The Effects of Rice Husk Particles Size as A Reinforcement Component on Resin-Based Brake Pad Performance: From Literature Review on the Use of Agricultural Waste as A Reinforcement Material, Chemical Polymerization Reaction of Epoxy Resin, to Experiments

“…Both materials were then mixed thoroughly with a 1:1 ratio. Rice husks (collected from Bandung, Indonesia) were saw-milled using the apparatus as reported in our previous studies [35], [36]. To obtain the specific size, the saw-milled rice husk particles were put into a sieve shaker (Niaga Kusuma Lestari, Indonesia) in accordance with ASTM D1921.…”