This research analyses the concept of leadership within transnational Islam tradition in Indonesia and their response towards democracy, particularly within three largest transnational organizations of Jama’ah Tabligh, Jama’ah Tarbiyah, and Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI). Based on an extensive literature study and in depth interviews, this research found that: first, leadership concept in the tradition of (1) Jamaah Tabligh is called “Amir” which is appointed through a dialogue (musyawarah). The Amir is responsible to preach ‘the da’wah ‘ala> Minhaj an-Nubuwwah (proselytizing Islam using Prophetic methods) through ‘khuru>j fi> sabi>lilla>h; (2) Jama’ah Tarbiyah is called “Majlis Syuro” as the highest body of the Islamic party which functions as “ahlul halli wal ‘aqdi” (the consultative assembly) in its political movement represented by Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (Prosperous Justice Party/ PKS); and (3) HTI is called “Khalifah” that calls for the system of ‘Khila>fah ‘ala> Minha>ji an-Nubuwwah’. Second, those three organizations have divergent responses regarding the practice of democracy in Indonesia. The responses are (1) Jamaah Tabligh chooses to be apolitical and let its followers whether to participate in the democracy or not; (2) Jamaah Tarbiyah supports the democracy system by establishing Prosperous Justice Party (PKS), and (3) HTI opposes democracy because the concept is born from the capitalist ideology, a kufr system as it created by human and is not taken from Shari’ah concept.
The philosophy of existentialism, is a philosophy with the main thought being "existence precedes the essence" that man exists first, then in life he gives meaning or essence to his life by focusing on individual experiences. Existentialism gives individuals a way of thinking about life, what it means to me, what is true for me. Existentialist epistemology assumes that individuals are responsible for their own knowledge. The main source of knowledge is personal experience. An idealist teacher according to existentialists is a teacher who provides an open dialogue space for students to find their meaning. Students get broad opportunities to learn something that interests them, so they can find their identity. Appropriate learning methods according to existentialists are dialogue, role playing, and other methods that give freedom for students to explore meaning in themselves. Because the main task of education is to stimulate every human being to be aware of the responsibility to create meaning and definition of himself.
Organ transplantation as a medical technique is a new improvement and discovery in the world of modern medicine. For example, the first successfully heart Transplantation was carried out in 1967. Until now many organs or tissues can be transplanted, including skin, cornea, bones, blood vessels, kidneys, heart, liver, lungs, and pancreas. While in the review of Islamic law, transplantation is a contemporary issue, and there are no texts in the Qur’an and Hadith that explicitly mentioning transplantation. Because of its increasing widespread of the organ transplants, it is regarded obligatory to study further in the Islamic perspective or Hadith on organ transplants. In this article, the author analyzes the Hadith relating to the transplants, then relates to the social context and various opinions of the scholars about organ transplants. Keywords: Contextualization Hadith, Transplantation Transplantasi organ sebagai teknik pengobatan merupakan kemajuan dan temuan baru dalam dunia kedokteran modern. Misalnya, Transplantasi jantung pertama kali sukses dilakukan tahun 1967. Hingga kini sudah banyak organ atau jaringan yang dapat ditransplantasikan, antara lain kulit, kornea, tulang, pembuluh darah, ginjal, jantung, hati, paru, dan pankreas. Sementara dalam tinjauan hukum Islam transplantasi ini merupakan masalah kontemporer, dan tidak ada nash al- Qur’an dan hadis yang secara eksplisit menyebutkan tentang transplantasi tersebut. Karena semakin maraknya transplantasi organ ini, maka dipandang perlu dikaji lebih jauh dalam perspektif Islam tentang transplantasi organ tersebut. Dalam artikel ini, penulis mengkaji hadis yang berkaitan dengan transplantasi, kemudian dikaitkan dengan konteks sosial serta berbagai pendapat ulama tentang transplantasi organ tubuh. Kata Kunci: Kontekstualisasi, Hadis, Transplantasi
Latar belakang dari penelitian ini adalah masih banyak diusianya anak usia dini masih mengalami masa pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang pesat dengan bawaan sifat peserta didik yang masih egosentris dan dalam melakukan tindakan masih dalam tuntutan orang dewasa dan pendidik. Dewasa ini anak pada usai 4-5 tahun dalam merumuskan gagsan berfikir secara logis dan berfikir memecahkan masalah masih dalam taraf ingin tahu lebih mengenai kegiatan pembelajaran. Adanya strategi proses pembelajaran pendekatan saintifik menjadi angin segar dalam dunia pendidikan khususnya pendidikan anak usia dini. Meskipun dalam proses yang masih banyak ditemukan beberapa teknik pengajaran pendidik yang masih menumpang dalam kurikulum sebelumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetauhi implementasi pendekatan saintifik dalam megembangkan kognitif anak dan bagaimana faktor penghambat dan pendukung adanya penerapan pendekatan saintifik dalam mengembangkan kognitif anak pada kelompok A di TK Nurul Ummah Kotagede Yogyakarta.Jenis penelitian ini mengguakan penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan objek penelitan TK Nurul Ummah. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini mengumpulkan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentas. Sedangkan validitas data yang diperoleh melalui Triangulasi teknik dan sumber. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi pendektan sanitifk dalam mengembangkan kognitif anak pada kelompok A di TK nurul Ummah sudah berjalan dengan baik, ditunjukkan dengan proses pembelajaran yang sudah sesuai dengan perencanaan pembelajaran, pesera didik yang aktif bertanya, pengaadaaan mediaa yang kreatif dan hasil karya yang terselesaikan dengan baik oleh peserta didik. Faktor pengambat dan pendukung yaitu faktor pendukung; kepala sekolah yang antusias baikanya dalam mengembangkan kualitas dan kuantitas sekolahan , Pendidik yang berkompeten dalam menyampaikan proses pembelajaran pendektan saintifik, Peserta didik yang aktif bertanya, Sarana dan prasarana yang mendukung. Faktor penghambat; Bahan media yang sulit deedapatkan, waktu pembelajaran yang kurang efektif.
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