The article covers selection of differentiating concentrations of PEG-6000 for assessing genetic resource collections of pea, chickpea and lentil. The germinability of 4 accessions of each crop in 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% PEG-6000 solutions was evaluated. The results showed that 25% PEG-6000 completely inhibited growth processes in all the crops; 5 and 10% PEG-6000 did not affect the germinability of lentil seeds; and the maximum differentiation was observed at an osmotic concentration of 20%. In chickpea, there were no seedlings even in 20% PEG-6000. In 15% PEG-6000, seeds of drought-tolerant accessions UD0500022 and Dnіprovskyi Vysokoroslyi only sprouted; and 5 and 10% solutions had the maximum differentiating effect. Pea germination in PEG-6000 solutions of different concentrations demonstrated that only one accession could germinate in 20 and 15% solutions. Two accessions gave seedlings in 10% PEG-6000, and 5% solution had almost no effect on the germinability of pea seeds.
The study purpose was to evaluate the potentials of bean genotypes in contrast climates, to identify the most informative environments for assessing the adaptability of genotypes, to select promising starting material for specific areas where this crop is supposed to be bred. To accomplish this purpose, environmental trials were conducted on a collection of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) accessions in four sites located in different climatic zones of Ukraine: the eastern Forest-Steppe -Kharkiv region; southern Forest-Steppe -Poltava region; Woodlands -Chernivtsi region; southern Steppe -Odesa region. Genotypes and environments were evaluated using the GGE biplot method, which allowed us to graphically visualize the environmental trial data. To develop cultivars for different zones of Ukraine, we recommend selecting parents, taking into account the weather conditions: drought-and highly heat-tolerant genotypes (Holberg) for the south of Ukraine; intensive genotypes (Pervomaicka, Mistseva Bomba 5) for Woodlands; genotypes with stable yields and high drought tolerance (Holberg, Nadiia, UD0300104) for Forest-Steppe. The GGE biplot analysis distinguished the most informative environments allowing full assessments of the adaptability of genotypesthe Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Kharkiv region and Poltava region). The genotypes with stable yields of seeds were identified: Holberg, Otrada, UD0300104, Bogema, UD0300152, N 201-15 and Synelnykivska 8. Of these accessions, Holberg, Otrada, UD0300104 and Synelnykivska 8 gave high yields, and Holberg and UD0300104 approached the "ideal" genotype. The southern subzone of the Steppe is the most informative for identification of drought-and heat-tolerant bean accessions; the Woodlandsfor selection of genotypes with high potential yields.
The aim of the research was to screen the antioxidant activity of mature seeds of related bean species using the collection samples of the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine: Phaseolus vulgaris L., P. multiflorus Lam., P. lunatus L. and P. acutifolius A. Grey which have different colouration of their seed shell. The determination of antioxidant activity was carried out using the improved method of the stable radical DPPH•: methyl alcohol in the eluting solution was replaced by non-toxic ethyl alcohol. The results of the analysis are presented as the equivalent of a standard antioxidant (chlorogenic acid), expressed in mg of the standard per 1 g of a sample, taking into account dilutions according to the calibration schedule. As a result of the Phaseolus L. collection screening, it was found that the antioxidant activity of bean seeds depended on the colour of the seed coat. Regardless of the bean type, white seeds had the lowest indicator (equivalent to chlorogenic acid is 0.82–0.96 mg g–1 of seed). Painted seeds have different antioxidant activity. In P. vulgaris L., olive seeds have the highest index (4.21–5.07 mg g–1 of seeds), it is 2.36–3.60 mg g–1 in wine red seeds and 2.72–3.21 mg g–1 in pink ones. And the tendency of the influence of drawing colour and the area of a seed coat is noticed. In P. lunatus L., the antioxidant activity of white seeds with a motley wine-red pattern (2.27 mg g–1 of seeds) is more than twice as high as of white seeds without a pattern (0.94 mg g–1 of seeds). In P. multiflorus Lam., all the coloured seeds had a very high antioxidant activity regardless of the seed coat colour and its pattern (6.09–6.16 mg g–1 of seeds). In P. acutifolius A. Gray, the change in this parameter, depending on the seed coat colour, was small (1.27–1.62 mg g–1 of seeds). It was found that the antioxidant activity of beans depended on the environmental conditions: the stress of plants because drought leads to its increase.
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