Environmental trials of a model population of Phaseolus vulgaris L. in contrast climates

Abstract

The study purpose was to evaluate the potentials of bean genotypes in contrast climates, to identify the most informative environments for assessing the adaptability of genotypes, to select promising starting material for specific areas where this crop is supposed to be bred. To accomplish this purpose, environmental trials were conducted on a collection of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) accessions in four sites located in different climatic zones of Ukraine: the eastern Forest-Steppe -Kharkiv region; southern Forest-Steppe -Poltava region; Woodlands -Chernivtsi region; southern Steppe -Odesa region. Genotypes and environments were evaluated using the GGE biplot method, which allowed us to graphically visualize the environmental trial data. To develop cultivars for different zones of Ukraine, we recommend selecting parents, taking into account the weather conditions: drought-and highly heat-tolerant genotypes (Holberg) for the south of Ukraine; intensive genotypes (Pervomaicka, Mistseva Bomba 5) for Woodlands; genotypes with stable yields and high drought tolerance (Holberg, Nadiia, UD0300104) for Forest-Steppe. The GGE biplot analysis distinguished the most informative environments allowing full assessments of the adaptability of genotypesthe Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Kharkiv region and Poltava region). The genotypes with stable yields of seeds were identified: Holberg, Otrada, UD0300104, Bogema, UD0300152, N 201-15 and Synelnykivska 8. Of these accessions, Holberg, Otrada, UD0300104 and Synelnykivska 8 gave high yields, and Holberg and UD0300104 approached the "ideal" genotype. The southern subzone of the Steppe is the most informative for identification of drought-and heat-tolerant bean accessions; the Woodlandsfor selection of genotypes with high potential yields.