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A quadratic boost converter with high DC gain to step up the voltage of a standard photovoltaic panel up to 400 V is analysed. First of all, a comparative analysis among boost, quadratic boost and cubic boost reveals that the quadratic boost exhibits the best trade-off between duty ratio range and converter efficiency. A hysteretic comparator is employed as a modulator to ensure the converter operation with high values of the duty ratio without risk of modulation saturation. A twoloop sliding-mode control is used to regulate the output voltage. An internal loop controls cycle by cycle the input current whose reference is established by an outer loop that processes the output voltage error by means of a proportional-integral compensating network. The measured results in a 100 W prototype operating in continuous conduction mode of average values, ripples, frequency and efficiency for different equilibrium points are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.

Abstract-This paper proposes a fast-response sliding-mode controller for controlling boost-type converters requiring a fast dynamical response over a wide range of operating conditions. The various aspects of the controller, which include the method of generating the reference-current profile, the choice of sliding surface, the existence and stability properties, and the selection of the control parameters, are discussed. Experimental results are presented to validate the theoretical design and to illustrate the strength of the proposed controller. It is demonstrated that, with the proposed controller, the boost converter has a faster response and a lower voltage overshoot over a wide range of operating conditions as compared to that under the widely used peak current-mode controller. Moreover, it is easily realized with simple analog circuitries.

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This work presents a power adaptor device, referred as Smart Panel Device, allowing the connection of additional energy sources and storage elements to a domestic PV grid-connected system. The adaptor output port is designed to behave as a power source/sink, thus enabling its hot-swap parallel connection to renewable power sources without modifying their Maximum Power Point. Moreover, the adaptor device features a power characteristic with a single controllable MPP and allows the control of the injected power within the operating range of the DC-AC grid-connected inverter. The work presents the design principles of such device by describing the operation of a sliding-mode controlled quadratic boost converter. The proper operation of the device is experimentally verified for several scenarios in a small PV-based microgrid system including a fuel cell stack, a 1 kW three-phase wind turbine, a battery charger-discharger and commercial grid-connected PV inverters.

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