Minimum Fuel Consumption Strategy for PEM Fuel Cells

Ramos‐Paja, Carlos Andrés; Bordons, Carlos; Romero, A.; Giral, Roberto; Martínez-Salamero, L.

doi:10.1109/tie.2008.2007993

Cited by 113 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These hybrid systems can limit the slope of the current or power generated by the FC, with the use of current-controlled dc-dc converters. In this way the reactant gas starvation can be avoided and the system can operate with higher efficiency [53][54][55][56].…”

Section: Reactant Gas Starvationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the literature it is possible to find several studies about the oxygen starvation phenomenon, which has become another important area of research regarding FCs. In [56] controlling the FC air-pump voltage and regulating the FC-current through a dc-dc switching converter provides FC protection against the oxygen starvation phenomenon. For studying the behavior of a PEMFC under different air stoichiometric conditions, a test station for FCs was built in [63] and equipped with versatile control systems that control the fuel-flow, the air-flow, and the temperature.…”

Section: Reactant Gas Starvationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of the Main Power Electronics' Advances in Order to Ensure Efficient Operation and Durability of PEMFCs

et al. 2012

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Original scientific paperThis article focuses on the main issues that affect the lifetime and performance of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. The short lifespans of these fuel cells represent a barrier to their massive commercialization and usage in mobile and stationary applications. As fuel cell is a very complex system, a lot of knowledge of different areas is required, such as chemistry, electricity and mechanics, in order to completely understand its operation and all the problems that can occur during it. It is for this reason that an interdisciplinary approach needs to be taken when designing fuel-cell energy systems. This paper focuses on identifying and solving those issues that negatively affect the lifetime and performance of fuel cells. It is hoped that this article would be a valuable aid for power electronics' researchers and engineers for better understanding the presented issues and a useful guide for solving them with the use of proper power electronic-devices. Initially, the basic operation and structure of a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell is explained. Three main issues that can occur during operation of a mobile or stationary fuel cell energy system are pointed out and discussed in details, on the basis of the state-of-the-art on fuel cell technology. These issues are poor water management, reactant gas starvation and fuel cell current ripple. This article provides answers as to why they occur, how they affect the fuel cell, how they can be mitigated, and what are the future trends within this research field.Key words: PEMFC, Water management, Reactant gas starvation, Current ripple, Power electronics.Pregled znanstvenih napredaka u učinskoj elektronici usmjerenih ka osiguravanju efikasnog rada i dužeg životnog vijeka PEM gorivihćelija.Članak se osvrće na ključna pitanja koja utječu na vrijeme rada i performanse gorivihćelija s polimernom membranom kao elektrolitom. Kratak životni vijek gorivihćelija takve vrste prepreka je njihovoj komercijalizaciji i masovnoj upotrebi u mobilnim i stacionarnim stanicama. Budući da su gorivećelije komplicirani sustavi potrebno je znanje iz raznih područja kemije, elektrotehnike i mehanike da bi se u potpunosti mogao razumjeti njihov način rada i problemi koji se dogadaju. Upravo je zbog toga multidisciplinarni pristup nužnost pri razvoju sustava koji koriste gorivećelije. Ovaj ječlanak usmjeren prema identifikaciji i rješavanju onih problema koji negativno utječu na životni vijek i performanse gorivihćelija. Autori se nadaju daće sečlanak pokazati kao korisna pomoć i vodič istraživačima i inženjerima u domeni učinske elektronike pri susretu s navedenim problemima. Objašnjen je način rada i struktura gorivećelije s polimernom membranom kao elektrolitom. Izložena su, i diskutirana do u detalje, tri glavna problema sa stajališta trenutačnih spoznaja u području učinske elektronike. Ti problemi su: loše upravljanje vodom, nestanak reaktantnog plina i strujni trzaji u gorivimćelijama. Objašnjeno je zašto se ovi problemi dogadaju, kako utječu na gorivućelij...

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Section: Reactant Gas Starvationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reactant Gas Starvationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Main Power Electronics' Advances in Order to Ensure Efficient Operation and Durability of PEMFCs

et al. 2012

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“…These fuel cells have low operating temperature, high power efficiency, long cell life and low electrolyte corrosion [1]. However, PEM fuel cell operating conditions must be regulated to achieve high power efficiency and to avoid degradation of the device [2]. Therefore, two important operating conditions must be regulated: the stoichiometric relation between oxygen and hydrogen, supplied to the stack, and the consumed oxygen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sistema de control para reducir el consumo de hidrógeno en celdas de combustible PEM considerando incertidumbres paramétricas

Ríos

Ramos‐Paja

Espinosa

2016

TecnoL.

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Este artículo presenta un sistema de control para reducir el consumo de hidrogeno para una celda de combustible de Membrana de Intercambio Protónico, considerando incertidumbres paramétricas. El sistema de control incluye un modelo no lineal en el espacio de estado para la celda de combustible, un filtro de Kalman/estimador, un regulador óptimo cuadrático y algoritmo de seguimiento de puntos de máxima potencia (MPP). El objetivo de control es suministrar la potencia de carga demandada, evitando el agotamiento del oxígeno y minimizando el consumo de hidrógeno por medio de un algoritmo de Perturbación y Observación (P&O). El desempeño del sistema de control es evaluado ante incertidumbres paramétricas al simular escenarios de perdida de desempeño como producto del envejecimiento del compresor. De esta forma, dos escenarios fueron simulados: un primer escenario simula un error entre la ganancia (de lazo abierto) del compresor de la celda de combustible y la del modelo; y un segundo escenario, con un error entre la corriente de pérdidas y del compresor de la celda de combustible con respecto al modelo. Los resultados de simulación muestran que el filtro Kalman/estimador logra contrarrestar las incertidumbres producidas por los cambios paramétricos del sistema. Igualmente, el algoritmo MPP logra suministrar el voltaje del compresor adecuado sin necesidad de un perfil óptimo en condiciones ideales.

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“…1 is a representation of the PEM fuel cell's structure and electrochemical reactions. New control strategies have been developed [2], [3] for fuel cell applications [4]- [7]. The PEM fuel cell's terminal conditions demand the use of power conditioning subsystems to interface the fuel cell to its load or the grid [8], [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Model of PEM Fuel Cell Using Real-time Simulation Techniques

Jung¹,

Ahmed²

2010

Journal of Power Electronics

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The increased integration of fuel cells with power electronics, critical loads, and control systems has prompted recent interest in accurate electrical terminal models of the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell. Advancement in computing technologies, particularly parallel computation techniques and various real-time simulation tools have allowed the prototyping of novel apparatus to be investigated in a virtual system under a wide range of realistic conditions repeatedly, safely, and economically. This paper builds upon both advancements and provides a means of optimized model construction boosting computation speeds for a fuel cell model on a real-time simulator which can be used in a power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) application. Significant improvement in computation time has been achieved. The effectiveness of the proposed model developed on Opal RT's RT-Lab Matlab/Simulink based real-time engineering simulator is verified using experimental results from a Ballard Nexa fuel cell system.

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Minimum Fuel Consumption Strategy for PEM Fuel Cells

Cited by 113 publications

References 25 publications

A Review of the Main Power Electronics' Advances in Order to Ensure Efficient Operation and Durability of PEMFCs

A Review of the Main Power Electronics' Advances in Order to Ensure Efficient Operation and Durability of PEMFCs

Sistema de control para reducir el consumo de hidrógeno en celdas de combustible PEM considerando incertidumbres paramétricas

Dynamic Model of PEM Fuel Cell Using Real-time Simulation Techniques

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