Abstract--This paper presents the design of a low complexity Fuzzy Logic Controller of only 25-rules to be embedded in an Energy Management System for a residential grid-connected microgrid including Renewable Energy Sources and storage capability. The system assumes that neither the renewable generation nor the load demand is controllable. The main goal of the design is to minimize the grid power profile fluctuations while keeping the Battery State of Charge within secure limits. Instead of using forecasting-based methods, the proposed approach uses both the microgrid energy rate-of-change and the battery SOC to increase, decrease or maintain the power delivered/absorbed by the mains. The controller design parameters (membership functions and rule-base) are adjusted to optimize a pre-defined set of quality criteria of the microgrid behavior. A comparison with other proposals seeking the same goal is presented at simulation level, whereas the features of the proposed design are experimentally tested on a real residential microgrid implemented at the Public University of Navarre.Index Terms--Distributed power generation, energy management, fuzzy control, microgrid, renewable energy sources, smart grid. I. INTRODUCTION HE ENVIRONMENTAL and economic benefits related to the reduction of both carbon dioxide emission andThis work was partially supported by the Secretaría Nacional de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación SENESCYT and the Instituto de Fomento al Talento Humano del Ecuador under the grant No. 2013-AR2Q4081. Government of Navarra and the FEDER funds under project "Microgrids in Navarra: design, development and implementation". Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under grant DPI2013-42853-R; European Union under the project FP7-308468, "PVCROPS-Photovoltaic Cost reduction, reliability, operational performance, prediction and simulation"; grant RUE CSD2009-00046, Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Programme, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, and the grants DPI2013-41224-P, DPI2012-31580 from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Knowledge.D. Arcos-Aviles is with the Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica, Propagation, Electronic Control and Networking (PROCONET) research group, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, 171-5-231B Sangolquí, Ecuador (e-mail: dgarcos@espe.edu.ec).J. Pascual, L. Marroyo and P. Sanchis are with the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain (e-mail: juliomaria.pascual@unavarra.es; luisma@unavarra.es; pablo.sanchis@unavarra.es.).F. Guinjoan is with the Department of Electronics Engineering, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación de Barcelona, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain (e-mail: francesc.guinjoan@upc.edu).transmission losses have made distributed renewable generation systems became a competitive solution for future smart grids [1]. In this context, microgrids are considered as the key building blocks of smart grids [2] and have aroused g...
This paper presents an energy-balance control strategy for a cascaded single-phase grid-connected H-bridge multilevel inverter linking n independent photovoltaic (PV) arrays to the grid. The control scheme is based on an energy-sampled data model of the PV system and enables the design of a voltage loop linear discrete controller for each array, ensuring the stability of the system for the whole range of PV array operating conditions. The control design is adapted to phase-shifted and level-shifted carrier pulsewidth modulations to share the control action among the cascade-connected bridges in order to concurrently synthesize a multilevel waveform and to keep each of the PV arrays at its maximum power operating point. Experimental results carried out on a seven-level inverter are included to validate the proposed approach.
Abstract-In this paper a fixed-frequency quasi-sliding control algorithm based on switching surface zero averaged dynamics (ZAD) is reported. This algorithm is applied to the design of a Buck-based inverter, and implemented in a laboratory prototype by means of a field programmable gate array (FPGA), taking into account processing speed versus computational complexity trade-off. Three control laws, namely sliding control (SC), fixed-frequency quasi-sliding ZAD and PWM-based control have been experimentally tested to highlight the features of the proposed algorithm. According to the experimental results presented in the paper, the ZAD algorithm fulfills the requirement of fixed switching frequency and exhibits similar robustness properties in the presence of perturbations to those of sliding control mode.
This paper presents the design of an energy management strategy based on a low complexity Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) for grid power profile smoothing of a residential grid-connected microgrid including Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and battery Energy Storage System (ESS). The proposed energy management strategy uses generation and demand forecasting to anticipate the future behavior of the microgrid. Accordingly to the microgrid power forecast error and the Battery State-of-Charge (SOC) the proposed strategy performs the suitable control of the grid power. A simulation comparison with previous energy management strategies highlights the advantages of the proposed work minimizing fluctuations and power peaks in the power profile exchanged with the grid while keeping the energy stored in the battery between secure limits. Finally, the experimental validation in a real residential microgrid implemented at Public University of Navarre (UPNa, Spain) demonstrates the proper operation of the proposed strategy achieving a smooth grid power profile and a battery SOC center close to the 75% of the rated battery capacity.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft
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