We report the experimental testbed evaluation of connectivity provisioning in which OpenFlow and GMPLS control planes interwork by means of an orchestrating stateful PCE. The hierarchical nature of the PCE allows seamless multi-domain operation.
Intact, flowering, rose plants have been regenerated in vitro from excised embryos of crosses between 'Bridal Pink' (the maternal parent) and several pollen parents. Explanted embryonic tissues developed into an organogenic Callus which formed adventitious shoots after several months only on a modified, half-strength Murashige & Skoog medium containing 1.0 ~tM BA and 0.05 #M NAA. These shoots could be separated, grown individually, rooted in a medium with no BA or NAA, with 1.0/~M IBA, and transplanted to greenhouse media. Embryos ranging in age from 21 to 35 days post-pollination formed organogenic callus that eventually regenerated adventitious shoots. Histological examination of normally-developing embryos showed that well-defined embryonic axes were beginning to develop at approximately 20-25 days postpollination. Analysis of populations of regenerated plants from different crosses showed differences in flower color, growth habit, peduncle length, and petal number. This system may be useful for irradiation-mutation breeding and/or for the development of transgenic rose plants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was used to study the variation of aspartate aminotransferase (AAT-1), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI-2), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP-1) and phosphoglucomutase (PGM-1 and PGM-2) isozymes in 76 cultivars and accessions of almond. Cultivars could be separated into 40 classes for identification. Relationships among cultivars, based on historical records and isozyme similarities, show an original pool of seedling selections made before 1900. Most later-introduced cultivars are offspring or descendents of ‘Nonpareil’ and ‘Mission’ (‘Texas Prolific’), the other dominant parent.
Both GMPLS and OpenFlow are positioned to become the pillars of a dynamic control plane for optical transport networks, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. This paper summarizes both approaches and discusses potential SDN interworking architectures.
Nodes from mature tissue of Paulownia tomentosa Steud. were cultured on a modified Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium containing BAP and NAA. Axillary buds elongated most rapidly from nodes of greenhouse-grown trees on a medium containing 1.0 mg BAP/liter and 0.1 mg NAA/liter. After 7 days on this medium, the elongated shoots were transferred to media containing IBA (0.5–1.0 mg/liter) or the shoots were quick-dipped (15 sec) in the K-salt of IBA (KIBA, 500–1000 ppm) and rooted under mist in the greenhouse. The shoots rooted in 7–10 days and were easily transplanted to 6 packs (6-celled plastic flat) for continued development. This propagation scheme provides a method for the rapid multiplication of plants from mature tissue Paulownia in a very short period of time (14–17 days). Chemical names used: 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); benzylaminopurine (BAP); 1H-indole-3-butanoic acid (IBA).
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