Isozyme Variation Among California Almond Cultivars: II. Cultivar Characterization and Origins

Hauagge, Roberto; Kester, Dale E.; Arulsekar, S.; Parfitt, Dan E.; Liu, L.

doi:10.21273/jashs.112.4.693

Cited by 41 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…When comparing our results with those obtained previously with almond (2,11,12), there is agreement with the evidence for PGM and AAT. They also seem to coincide in the case of GPI; however, an allele not previously described by Hauagge et al (12) was present in some cultivars they did not study (11).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Results obtained with isozyme electrophoresis are easily repeatable, and can be obtained rapidly without having to carry out field experiments, which saves time and money. This is of special interest with fruit trees species due to their long life cycle and their large size.Electrophoresis has been applied to cultivar identification in many crop species, including fruit trees such as apple (24, 25), avocado (20), the genus Prunus (2,6,7,11,12,14), date palm (22), olive (15), the genus Citrus (5, 21), and grape (19,26).However, for this technique to be useful, it is necessary that the degree of enzymatic polymorphism be wide enough to allow the differentiation of one cultivar from others (3). Almond (Prwnus amygdalus) is a suitable species for the use of this technique since it is highly variable, being naturally self-incompatible (18), and has not been subjected to extensive selection in the Mediterranean area where almond culture is still based on a large number of well-adapted traditional cultivars.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Almond (Prwnus amygdalus) is a suitable species for the use of this technique since it is highly variable, being naturally self-incompatible (18), and has not been subjected to extensive selection in the Mediterranean area where almond culture is still based on a large number of well-adapted traditional cultivars. Breeding work on this species is still restricted (8).Hauagge et al (11,12) studied the variation and inheritance of four enzyme systems in almond leaves, while three more systems showed no variation. The variability of these four enzymes in 76 almond cultivars allowed their separation into 40 classes for identification.We selected pollen as plant material for several reasons.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrophoresis has been applied to cultivar identification in many crop species, including fruit trees such as apple (24, 25), avocado (20), the genus Prunus (2,6,7,11,12,14), date palm (22), olive (15), the genus Citrus (5, 21), and grape (19,26).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hauagge et al (11,12) studied the variation and inheritance of four enzyme systems in almond leaves, while three more systems showed no variation. The variability of these four enzymes in 76 almond cultivars allowed their separation into 40 classes for identification.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Identification of Almond Cultivars by Pollen Isoenzymes

Cerezo

Company

Arús

1989

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was applied to the study of almond identification [Prunus amygdalus Batsch, syn. P. dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] using pollen from 44 cultivars of different origin. Variability was found in all of the nine enzymatic systems analyzed (PGM, AAT, GPI, LAP, 6PGD, AcP, CAT, IDH, and ADH). The enzymatic systems with the highest discriminating possibilities were PGM, CAT, AcP, and LAP. This variability enabled the 44 cultivars to be distinguished with the exception of two pairs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Identification of Almond Cultivars by Pollen Isoenzymes

Cerezo

Company

Arús

1989

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Almond

Alonso¹,

Kodad

Gradziel

2011

Fruit Breeding

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The almond is economically the most important tree nut in the world. Its production is limited to areas characterized by a Mediterranean climate, including regions in the Mediterranean countries, the Central Valley of California, the Middle East, Central Asia, the Himalayan slopes, and the Southern Hemisphere, including Chile, Argentina, South Africa, and Australia. The main production region in the world is the Central Valley of California. The cultivation of almond in the eastern Mediterranean area occurred as early as the second millennium BC. Selection for domesticated almond types favored sweet kernels and larger nut size among these wild populations. Traditional seed propagation resulted in extensive genetic variability due, in part, to the obligate out-crossing nature of the self-incompatible almond. Local cultivars and landraces were selected over centuries of almond growing and in the twentieth century breeding activities began. Currently, there is active almond breeding programs in Spain, France, the USA and Israel. Self-compatibility has become the main objective along with late blooming, frost tolerance, resistance to diseases, and tree architecture. Despite the diffi culties in defi ning a kernel quality ideotype due to the differences in consumer preferences, almond quality is currently an important breeding goal.

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