Purba M, Prasetyo LH. 2014. Growth and carcass production responses of EPMp broiler ducks to various levels of crude fiber and protein in the diet. JITV 19(3): 220-230. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v19i3.1085Inclusion of crude fiber in diet is important for duck growth, but there is a limit in its use in order for the ducks to grow normally. The purpose of this study was to evaluate growth and carcass production responses of EPMp broiler ducks under different levels of crude fiber and protein in diets. Four hundreds and twenty day old ducklings were allocated into 7 treatments with 6 replications and each replication consisted of 10 ducks. The treatments were the factorial combinations of crude fiber content of 6 or 9% and protein content of 19, 21, or 23%; and BR-1 (starter diet) as positive control. The variables observed were: feed intake, weekly body weight, and percentage of carcass production. The results showed that all variables observed were not significantly affected by CF content, but highly significantly affected by crude protein levels in diet. Protein content of 19 or 21% in diet resulted in a better performance for EPMp ducks. The inclusion of high CF in diet did not affect carcass percentage, except for reduced abdominal fat. The study implies that administration of high CF (6 or 9%) with a protein content of 19 or 21% in the diet are still acceptable to EPMp ducks at 12 weeks. Penyertaan serat kasar dalam pakan sangat penting untuk pertumbuhan itik, namun ada batas penggunaannya agar itik tumbuh dengan normal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji respon pertumbuhan dan produksi karkas itik pedaging EPMp dengan pemberian serat kasar tinggi pada level protein yang berbeda dalam pakan. Empat ratus dua puluh ekor itik umur sehari dipelihara selama dua belas minggu dan dialokasikan ke dalam 7 perlakuan dengan 6 ulangan dan setiap ulangan terdiri dari 10 ekor itik. Susunan ransum perlakuan merupakan kombinasi factorial antara kadar serat kasar 6 atau 9% dan kadar protein 19, 21 atau 23%; dan BR-1 (pakan starter) sebagai kontrol positif. Peubah yang diamati mencakup: konsumsi pakan, bobot badan mingguan dan persentase produksi karkas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi pakan, pertambahan bobot badan, bobot badan akhir dan FCR tidak nyata dipengaruhi oleh pemberian SK tinggi dalam pakan, akan tetapi sangat nyata dipengaruhi oleh kadar protein dalam pakan. Kadar protein 19 dan 21% dalam pakan menghasilkan performa yang lebih baik pada itik EMPp umur 12 minggu. Persentase bobot karkas itik tidak nyata dipengaruhi oleh kadar SK dalam pakan akan tetapi nyata untuk bobot lemak abdominal itik. Pemberian SK tinggi tidak nyata berpengaruh terhadap performa itik, akan tetapi nyata menurunkan bobot lemak abdominal. Dari hasil dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian SK tinggi 6 atau 9% dengan kandungan protein 19 atau 21% dalam pakan masih dapat diterima oleh itik pedaging EPMp umur 12 minggu.Kata Kunci: Itik Pedaging EPMp, Serat Kasar, Performa, Karkas PENDAHULUANSalah satu masalah utama ...
New Zealand White rabbits (NZW) has been known as broiler rabbit that has been well adapted in Indonesia. HyCole rabbits were imported from France that were selected for high reproduction and growth rate. This study was aimed to evaluate the productivity of HyCole and New Zealand White rabbits and their reciprocal as the basis to develop broiler rabbit which adaptive to tropical climate. Forty heads of doe (P<sub>B</sub>P<sub>B</sub>) and 17 heads of buck (P<sub>A</sub>P<sub>A</sub>) of HyCole rabbit, and 30 heads of doe and 6 heads of buck of New Zealand White rabbits (NN) were used. The ration was given according to IRIAP standard ration (18 % CP, 2500 kcal ME/kg and 14 % CF). The diet was provided in the morning and the evening, and drinking water was provided ad libitum. Reproductive performance of does (litter size at birth, litter size at wean, mortality and weekly does body weight) and the kit’s growth performance (weekly body weight from weaning until the age of 20 weeks) were evaluated. Data were analyzed using the SAS program (SAS 2001). Rabbits growth data were periodically analyzed by Gompertz model (Blasco & Gomez 1993). HyCole rabbit which was bred in Indonesia had production performance better than NZW rabbit and P<sub>A</sub>N crossbred (HyCole bucks x NZW does) had the potential to be bred as superior rabbit adaptive to tropical climate because they had hybrid vigor of the number of litter size at birth and kit’s growth rate.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui mekanisme rontok bulu dan hubungan kadar hormon prolaktin dengan produksi telur. Materinya adalah itik hasil persilangan Alabio dengan Peking yaitu AP (Alabio ♂ x Peking ♀) dan PA (Peking ♂ x Alabio ♀) sebanyak 180 ekor. Peubah yang diamati adalah lama berhenti bertelur sebelum dan setelah rontok, kadar hormon prolaktin periode rontok bulu, periode produksi sebelum dan setelah rontok. Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA, regresi dan korelasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa itik AP (23.33%) mengalami rontok bulu lebih sedikit dibandingkan itik PA (50.00%). Mekanisme rontok bulu diawali dengan berhenti bertelur, rontok bulu dan bertelur kembali. Lamanya berhenti bertelur sebelum dan setelah rontok pada itik AP tidak berbeda dengan itik PA. Konsentrasi hormon prolaktin itik AP dan PA sebelum dan setelah rontok sangat nyata lebih tinggi dibandingkan periode rontok bulu. Pada periode bertelur sebelum rontok, konsentrasi hormon prolaktin itik AP sangat nyata lebih tinggi daripada itik PA. Sehingga produksi telur itik AP sebelum rontok bulu (0-16 minggu) sangat nyata lebih tinggi daripada itik PA. Produksi telur itik AP lebih tinggi daripada itik PA yaitu 256.66±6.00 vs 232.22±6.64 butir selama 48 minggu. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa hormon prolaktin berpengaruh dalam kejadian rontok bulu dan produksi telur. Kata kunci : rontok bulu, itik, hormon prolaktin, produksi telur ABSTRACTThe aims of this study were to obtain information on the mechanism of molting and the prolactin hormone levels affecting egg production. The study utilized AP (crossbred of Alabio ♂ with Peking ♀) and PA (crossbred of Peking ♂ and Alabio ♀ ducks) with a total of 180 birds. The observed variables were the duration of cessation of egg production before and after molting, the prolactin hormone level in the period of molting, the egg production period before and after molting. The data was analyzed using ANOVA, regression and correlation. The results showed that AP crossbred had fewer molting (23.33%) compared to PA (50.00%). The mechanism of molting is always preceded by cessation of egg production, molting and relaying. The prolactin hormone concentrations of AP and PA in the period before and after molting were significantly higher than in the period of molting. At the egg production period before molting, the prolactin hormone concentration of AP ducks was higher than the PA ducks. So that the egg production of AP before molting (0-16 weeks) was higher than the PA. The egg production of AP was higher than PA, 256.66±6.00 vs 232.22±6.64 eggs for 48 weeks. So it can be concluded that the prolactin hormone affects the molting and egg production.
The Phenotypic Characteristics of Alabio Duck (Anas platyrhynchos Borneo) in South Kalimantan. A study on phenotypic characters was carried out to identify Alabio duck (Anas platyrhynchos Borneo) being kept by smallholder. This research was conducted at Hulu Sungai Selatan (HSS), Hulu Sungai Tengah (HST) and Hulu Sungai Utara (HSU), South Kalimantan from May until November 2009. Six hundred (75 males and 525 females) the duck used in this study was Alabio duck ranged from 5-5.5 months old. The observed parameters were plumage color, color feature, plumage shine, the color of bill, feet and shank. The results showed that the ducks from three locations (HSS, HST and HSU) have same color patterns. The dominant color of the male duck is grayish white, grayish, brownish grey, blue-green and black. Whereas the female ducks of brown spotted and blackish grey. Twinkle Alabio duck plumage on males and females have the highest percentage is the glint of silver and shiny blue-green. The color of bill, feet and shank of male and female ducks were pale yellow until bright orange.
In rural areas, male muscovy was commonly crossed with layer ducks for the production of mule ducks to be sold as broiler ducks. However, their population was very few with various plumage colors, and with very low egg production. Muscovy can be used as the male parent stock in a commercial production of mule ducks, but it was preferable if they have white plumage for better carcass performance and with higher egg production. The aim of the study was to evaluate the characteristics of a muscovy population whether they were suitable as the foundation stock for a selection program to improve egg production. Groups of 125 female and 51 male of local white muscovy were used in this study. They were kept under close confinements and fed according their nutrition requirements. Measurements were taken on body weight at first laying, weight of first egg, 6 month egg production, and morphological characteristics. Results showed that the average body weight at first laying was 1805.41±89.31 grams with a variation of 4.95%. The average first egg weight was 58.23±2.33 grams with a variation of 4%, and the average 6 month production was 22.52±6.38% with a variation of 28.31%. With such large variations, the population was appropriate to be used as the foundation stock for a selection to improve egg production.
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