МАСЛИЧНЫЕ КУЛЬТУРЫ. Научно-технический бюллетень Всероссийского научно-исследовательского института масличных культур. Вып. 4 (176), 2018 __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________
The oil flax variety FLIZ ZU was bred by individual selection from line k-4081 on a severe drought background. It was evaluated for its resistance to drought, lodging, and seed cast. According to the results of variety trials of 2020–2021, the yield of variety FLIZ ZU exceeded the standard variety FLIZ by 5.5 t/ha. The plant height was 55–62 cm. The growing season is 89-93 days. Thousand-seed weight is 7.34–8.05 g. Coloring of the seeds is brown. The oil content is 47.6%. The variety FLIZ ZU is highly resistant to drought, lodging, and seed cast.
МАСЛИЧНЫЕ КУЛЬТУРЫ. Научно-технический бюллетень Всероссийского научно-исследовательского института масличных культур. Вып. 1 (173), 2018 __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________
Oil flax is still commercially successful crop at the market, its seeds demand is going up, and export of agricultural production is rising. Production scale-up and seed qualities improving require for introduction of new highly productive varieties adapted to a local cultivation conditions. Environmental testing of varieties allowed estimating a potential of productivity and reaction of oil flax varieties in zone of insufficient moistening (Oporny settl., Azov district, Rostov region) at the different conditions of the moisture supply, selecting the most adaptive genotypes possessing breeding value. As object of the research we used 12 varieties of oil flax. The years of the research (2016– 2018) were differed with contract weather conditions; hydrothermal coefficient is equal to 1.30; 1.38; 0.30, respectively. As favorable for the crop development 2016 and 2017 were noted. Maximal seed yield in 2017 was showed by the following varieties: Avangard (2.42 t per ha), Raduga (2.37 t per ha), VNIIMK 622 (2.33 t per ha) and Sapphire (2.30 t per ha), reliably exceeding the standard variety VNIIMK 620. The variety Avangard formed the highest seed yield increase – 0.21 t per ha in average for three years. We revealed the highest compensative ability in the varieties Avangard (1.46) and Raduga (1.47). We noted as the most adaptive to the different cultivation conditions varieties Sapphire, VNIIMK 622 and Avangard, which variation coefficient was 60.7– 69.5%. A positive correlation between seed and oil yield per a hectare (r = 0.90 ± 0.17) is fixed. Due to our results the varieties Raduga and Avangard combined high seed yield and oil yield per a hectare and are differed with high economic efficiency of production, clear profit 21650 and 21078 RUR/ha, respectively, and can update agricultural production. Studying of oil flax varieties in the contrast conditions showed their wide environmental plasticity that allows recommending them for production in the different regions.
The researches were conducted in the laboratory of oil flax breeding of the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Krasnodar 2019– 2020. We studied the samples from the highly oleic collection of flax of the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops in order to select the best ones for introduction into a breeding process to improve the existing varieties and develop new ones with a good combination of biological and economically valuable traits. The samples from our collection demonstrated variability by the general economically valuable and biological traits. Thus, difference in duration of a period emergence–maturing was from 10 to 12 days depending on year and weather conditions. Maximal plant height (63.3 сm) was noted in 2020, and minimal (38.0 cm) was similar in all years of the research. Seed yield per a plot varied from 32.5 to 112.5 g/m 2 in 2019 and from 30.0 to 175.0 g/m 2 in 2020. The highest yield (175.0 g/m2) was fixed in 2020, and minimal one (30.0 g/m2) was at the same level in all years of the research. The samples from the collection were differed by their oil content in seeds: from 44.6 to 48.7% in 2019 and from 44.8 to 49.3% in 2020. Variation of this trait by years was 4.1–4.5%, difference between years of the research was equal to 0.4%. The presence of variability in oil contents in seeds among samples from flax collection proves a possibility to conduct selections by this trait in all breeding nurseries of the laboratory. Thus, in 2020 we selected two samples with oil content in seeds more than 49.0%.
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