Oil flax is still commercially successful crop at the market, its seeds demand is going up, and export of agricultural production is rising. Production scale-up and seed qualities improving require for introduction of new highly productive varieties adapted to a local cultivation conditions. Environmental testing of varieties allowed estimating a potential of productivity and reaction of oil flax varieties in zone of insufficient moistening (Oporny settl., Azov district, Rostov region) at the different conditions of the moisture supply, selecting the most adaptive genotypes possessing breeding value. As object of the research we used 12 varieties of oil flax. The years of the research (2016– 2018) were differed with contract weather conditions; hydrothermal coefficient is equal to 1.30; 1.38; 0.30, respectively. As favorable for the crop development 2016 and 2017 were noted. Maximal seed yield in 2017 was showed by the following varieties: Avangard (2.42 t per ha), Raduga (2.37 t per ha), VNIIMK 622 (2.33 t per ha) and Sapphire (2.30 t per ha), reliably exceeding the standard variety VNIIMK 620. The variety Avangard formed the highest seed yield increase – 0.21 t per ha in average for three years. We revealed the highest compensative ability in the varieties Avangard (1.46) and Raduga (1.47). We noted as the most adaptive to the different cultivation conditions varieties Sapphire, VNIIMK 622 and Avangard, which variation coefficient was 60.7– 69.5%. A positive correlation between seed and oil yield per a hectare (r = 0.90 ± 0.17) is fixed. Due to our results the varieties Raduga and Avangard combined high seed yield and oil yield per a hectare and are differed with high economic efficiency of production, clear profit 21650 and 21078 RUR/ha, respectively, and can update agricultural production. Studying of oil flax varieties in the contrast conditions showed their wide environmental plasticity that allows recommending them for production in the different regions.
Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is a valuable high-oil technical crop, belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family. In the climatic conditions of the Rostov region, it is an annual, thermophilic plant. The castor seed kernel is the most valuable part of the plant, containing on average up to 75 % oil. Since 1926, breeding work has been carried out at the Don experimental station in the direction of develop-ing varieties suitable for cultivation in moderate climates. The main focus of breeding has been the de-velopment of highly productive, early-maturing castor bean varieties with indehiscent boxes suitable for mechanical harvesting. Castor seeds are known for their variety of sexual forms: ambisexual, male, female, as well as semi-female (female plants with a small number of male flowers) and scattered (plants with a mixed arrangement of male and female flowers). Using various methods of increasing the number of female plants, the Don experimental station has received breeding material that contributed to increasing the productivity of the crop. By the method of hybridization, mass, and individual selection, new productive varieties have been developed that fully meet the requirements of the time. Castor is a good forecrop for winter crops, due to the high content of nitrogen and potassium in the stems, when plowed they serve as a good organic fertilizer. When cultivated in crop rotation, castor increases soil fertility and protects the soil from soil pests such as wireworm, may beetle larvae, etc. Currently, castor is cultivated in many countries of the world, including Russia. The Rostov region is one of the northernmost areas of cultivation of this crop. Currently, the Don experi-mental station continues breeding work on the development of new castor varieties that combine re-sistance to stress factors, early maturity, yield, and product quality. The result of many years of work by breeders at the Don experimental station is a new high-yielding, highly productive variety of castor Udacha.
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