Thermophysical properties for the solid and liquid phases of several Ni based superalloys (CMSX-4, CMSX-10, CM186LC, IN 738 and Rene 80) have been measured. The following properties were measured: heat capacity and enthalpy, thermal expansion coefficient and density, thermal diffusivity, viscosity and surface tension. Analysis of these measurements showed that that γ′ phase (Ni3Al) affected the values for the following properties; Cp, enthalpy, electrical resistivity, thermal diffusivity and conductivity. Relationships have been identified between properties and the γ′ phase content (which can be represented by mass% Al in the alloy). These relations were then used to calculate property values of the alloys from chemical composition. Other relations were developed to estimate the viscosities and surface tensions of Ni based superalloys. The predicted property values were found to be in good agreement with the measured values.
A ''round robin'' project has been carried out to determine the accuracy and reliability of various models used to estimate the viscosities of industrial slags. The 21 participants were divided into measurement suppliers and modelling participants. Reference materials were issued to the measurement suppliers to check the validity of the viscosity data supplied. A data base of viscosity-temperature-composition data was established for 8 different categories of slags. Chemical compositions were issued to the different modelling participants and the predicted viscosities were compared with calculated values. For mould fluxes, the
The surface tension, density, and viscosity of the Ni-based superalloy CMSX-4 have been determined in the temperature ranges of 1,650-1,850 K, 1,650-1,950 K, and 1,623-1,800 K, respectively. Each property has been measured in parallel by different techniques at different participating laboratories, and the results are compared with the aim to improve the reliability of data and to identify recommended values. The following relationships have been proposed: density-ρ (T ) [kg·m −3 ] = 7,876−1.23(T −1, 654 K); surface tension-γ (T )[mN·m −1 ] = 1,773− 0.56(T − 1,654 K); viscosity-η (T ) [mPa · s] = 8.36 − 1.82 × 10 −2 (T − 1, 654 K).For a comparison, surface-tension measurements on the Al-88.6 at% Ni liquid alloy with the same Al-content as the CMSX-4 alloy were also performed. In addition, the surface tension and density have been theoretically evaluated by different models, and subsequently compared with new experimental data as well as with those reported in the literature. The surface-tension experimental data for the liquid CMSX-4 alloy were found to be close to that of the Al-88.6 at% Ni alloy which is consistent with results from the compound formation model (CFM).
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