The available experimental data for the density and viscosity of liquid aluminum and iron have been critically examined with the intention of establishing a density and a viscosity standard. All experimental data have been categorized into primary and secondary data according to the quality of measurement specified by a series of criteria. The proposed standard reference correlations for the density of the aluminum and iron are characterized by standard deviations of 0.65% and 0.77% at the 95% confidence level, respectively. The overall uncertainty in the absolute values of the density is estimated to be one of Ϯ0.7% for aluminum and 0.8% for iron, which is worse than that of the most optimistic claims but recognizes the unexplained discrepancies between different methods. The standard reference correlations for the viscosity of aluminum and iron are characterized by standard deviations of 13.7% and 5.7% at the 95% confidence level, respectively. The uncertainty in the absolute values of the viscosity of the two metals is thought to be no larger than the scatter between measurements made with different techniques and so can be said to be Ϯ14% in the case of aluminum and Ϯ6% in the case of iron.

Values of the viscosities of liquid metals are important in the prediction of fluid flow in many metallurgical manufacturing processes. This paper describes a number of methods used to measure the viscosity of liquid metals, including capillary, oscillating vessel, rotational bob or crucible, oscillating plate, draining vessel, levitation using the damping of surface oscillations and acoustic methods. A number of models used to estimate viscosity for elements, the temperature dependence of viscosity, and viscosity of multicomponent systems are also given, including the Andrade equation, Arrhenius equation, Hildebrand's free volume theory, Chhabra models, Moelwyn-Hughes model and thermodynamic models. The scatter of data available in the literature are highlighted by comparing two reviews of data for elements.

Thermophysical properties for the solid and liquid phases of several Ni based superalloys (CMSX-4, CMSX-10, CM186LC, IN 738 and Rene 80) have been measured. The following properties were measured: heat capacity and enthalpy, thermal expansion coefficient and density, thermal diffusivity, viscosity and surface tension. Analysis of these measurements showed that that γ′ phase (Ni3Al) affected the values for the following properties; Cp, enthalpy, electrical resistivity, thermal diffusivity and conductivity. Relationships have been identified between properties and the γ′ phase content (which can be represented by mass% Al in the alloy). These relations were then used to calculate property values of the alloys from chemical composition. Other relations were developed to estimate the viscosities and surface tensions of Ni based superalloys. The predicted property values were found to be in good agreement with the measured values.

No abstract

January1993 OCTI Preparedfor The AirConditioning and Refrigeration TechnologyInstitute Under ARTI MCLR Project Number 650-50800 This research project is supported, in whole or in part, by U.S. Department of Energy grant number DE-FG02-91CE23810: Materials Compatibilityand Lubricants Research(MCLR)on CFC-Refrigerant Substitutes. Federal funding supporting this project constitutes93.67% of allowable costs. Funding from non-government sources supporting this project consists of direct cost sharing of 6.33 % of allowable costs; and in-kind contributions from the airconditioning and refrigeration industry. ....