Measurement of viscosities of metals and alloys with an oscillating viscometer

Brooks, R. F.; Day, A. P.; Andon, R. J. L.; Chapman, L.; Mills, Kenneth C.; Quested, P N

doi:10.1068/htwu139

Cited by 47 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…[56,57] Based on these results and considering its higher Re content, a higher viscosity of CMSX-10 as compared to that of LEK94 is expected. The same arguments hold in comparison with CMSX-4.…”

Section: à4mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Published viscosity values for Ni-based superalloys at their liquidus temperatures fall in the range between 5.0 and 8.5 mPa.s as exemplified by e.g., for IN718 [54] and CMSX-4, [55] respectively. Other values are e.g., 7.4, 7.9, and 8.1 mPa.s for TMS75, CMSX-4, and IN-713LC, respectively, obtained by Sato [11] with the oscillating cup …”

Section: A Surface Tensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A series of viscosity measurements of the binary Ni-M constituents of the Ni-based superalloys with M = Al, Co, Cr, Ta, W as a function of composition and temperature were performed by Sato [57] showing that Ta and W have the most pronounced effect on the viscosity increase with respect to the value of pure Ni of g(T m ) = 4.80 ± 0.10 mPa.s. [56,57] Based on these results and considering its higher Re content, a higher viscosity of CMSX-10 as compared to that of LEK94 is expected.…”

Section: à4mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Tension and Viscosity of the Ni-Based Superalloys LEK94 and CMSX-10 Measured by the Oscillating Drop Method on Board a Parabolic Flight

Wunderlich

Fecht

Lohöfer

2016

Metall Mater Trans B

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The surface tension and viscosity of the Ni-based superalloys LEK94 and CMSX-10 were measured by the oscillating drop method in a containerless electromagnetic processing device on board a parabolic flight airplane. Surface oscillations were recorded by 150 and 200 Hz frame rate digital cameras positioned in two perpendicular directions and by the inductive coupling between the oscillating sample surface and the oscillating circuit of the radio frequency heating and positioning generator. The surface tension as a function of temperature of LEK94 and CMSX-10 was obtained as r(T) = 1.73 À 4.51 9 10 À4 [T-1656 K (1383°C)] Nm À1 and r(T) = 1.71 À 5.80 9 10, respectively. The viscosity at the liquidus temperatures as 9.8 and 7.8 mPa.s, respectively. In addition, some basic thermophysical properties such as solidus and liquidus temperatures, densities at room temperature, and thermal expansion in the solid phase are reported.

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Section: à4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Surface Tensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: à4mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Surface Tension and Viscosity of the Ni-Based Superalloys LEK94 and CMSX-10 Measured by the Oscillating Drop Method on Board a Parabolic Flight

Wunderlich

Fecht

Lohöfer

2016

Metall Mater Trans B

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“…Viscosity data for Ni-based superalloys have been determined using the oscillating crucible method by Sato 25) for CM247, CMSX4, MM247 and TMS 75 and by Brooks et al 26) for IN718 and by Overfelt et al 27) for MAR M247, IN 939 and IN718. In general, the agreement is good (within 10 %).…”

Section: Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

Calculation of Thermophysical Properties of Ni-based Superalloys

Mills

Youssef

et al. 2006

ISIJ Int.

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Reliable thermophysical data of Ni-based superalloys are needed for the mathematical modelling of solidification in casting applications. This paper derives equations and procedures to calculate the following properties of these alloys from chemical composition of the alloy: the gЈ phase content, liquidus and solidus temperatures, density and thermal expansion coefficient, heat capacity and enthalpy, electrical resistivity, thermal diffusivity and conductivity, viscosity, surface tension and contact angle. Estimates are also for the diffusion coefficient and emissivity. This work has revealed an urgent need for reliable property measurements on liquid Ni-based alloys for the following: heat capacity, electrical resistivity, thermal diffusivity and conductivity, emissivity and diffusion coefficients.

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“…The viscosity values of the 'low oxygen' specimen are within the range of published data for Ni-based alloys such as MM247LC and IN718. [27] In the limited temperature range of the experiment, the Arrhenius representation of the viscosity as a function of temperature appears to be appropriate for a casting simulation. It does, however, not preculde a more complicated or a power law temperature dependence of the viscosity as discussed in the literature.…”

Section: Viscositymentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Tension and Viscosity of the Ni‐based Superalloy CMSX‐4 Measured by the Oscillating Drop Method in Parabolic Flight Experiments

2007

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The surface tension and the viscosity are two important thermophysical properties in the numerical modelling of industrial casting and welding such as form filling, convective heat transfer, and the prediction of defects such as microporosity. [1,2] The most widely used techniques for surface tension measurements are the sessile and the pendant drop technique. For high-temperature reactive alloys the former may be affected by chemical reactions of the liquid alloy with the sample container which may change the surface tension. The pendant drop [3] method can provide accurate values of the surface tension at the liquidus temperature. Its application to alloys with an extended melting range is, however, complicated by the presence of concentration gradients at the position of drop formation. Similar arguments may apply to viscosity measurements by the oscillating or rotating cup method making the application of containerless methods for surface tension and viscosity measurements an interesting alternative for high-temperature reactive alloys. One advantage of containerless processing conditions is the absence of container reactions which, depending on alloy composition and temperature, can have a pronounced effect on the surface tension and its temperature coefficient. Measurements of the surface tension can be performed by the oscillating drop method on electromagnetically levitated specimen. Electromagnetic levitation under normal gravity, 1 g, conditions requires a strong magnetic fields which deform the specimen and induce turbulent fluid flow. A correction algorithm has been developed to account for the effects of the magnetic pressure and shape deformations on the surface oscillation spectrum [4] which has been validated in a series of microgravity experiments. [5] The effect of the turbulent fluid flow on the damping time constant of the surface oscillations can, however, not be accounted for in a quantitative way and, thus, requires a much reduced levitation force as afforded under reduced gravity conditions.Measurements of the surface tension and of the viscosity by the oscillating drop method on electromagnetically levitated specimen have been performed in long-duration experiments on the MSL-1 Spacelab missions. [6,7] Under ideal, nearly force free conditions as provided in reduced gravity, the oscillation spectrum is non-shifted and characterized by a single well defined oscillation peak and the absence of turbulent fluid flow. Parabolic flights with about twenty seconds of reduced gravity offer an interesting possibility for the measurement of the surface tension and viscosity of high-temperature reactive alloys by the oscillating drop method with an electromagnetic levitation device. This approach was investigated with the Ni-based superalloy CMSX-4. The experiments were performed within the framework of an ongoing European project for the measurement of the thermophysical properties of industrial alloys named ThermoLab. Experimental Sample PreparationCMSX-4 specimen were provided by an industrial par...

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Measurement of viscosities of metals and alloys with an oscillating viscometer

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

Surface Tension and Viscosity of the Ni-Based Superalloys LEK94 and CMSX-10 Measured by the Oscillating Drop Method on Board a Parabolic Flight

Surface Tension and Viscosity of the Ni-Based Superalloys LEK94 and CMSX-10 Measured by the Oscillating Drop Method on Board a Parabolic Flight

Calculation of Thermophysical Properties of Ni-based Superalloys

Surface Tension and Viscosity of the Ni‐based Superalloy CMSX‐4 Measured by the Oscillating Drop Method in Parabolic Flight Experiments

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